L3 Desired Forest —Conceptual Goal Approaches to Regulate Dr. Han Chen Office: BB-1009F Phone: 343-8342 Email: han.chen@lakeheadu.ca Fore 3215 FORE3215, Lecture 7

Context of Normal Forest Regulation is to change or convert the existing forest over time into target or desired forest Classical timber scheduling addresses the question how many hectares and how much volume to cut Fore 3215

Concept of Normal Forest A forest that has equal amounts of “normally stocked stands” in each of the desired age classes Fore 3215

Objectives of Normal Forest A yearly cut of approximately equal volume A yearly cut of the same age, size, and quality of timber and hence a yearly income of the same amount A current growth and income obtained form a forest capital no larger than necessary, thus ensuring a maximum rate of return upon its capital Fore 3215

Surplus and Deficit Forests

A Modified Normal Forest

A Desired Forest under Natural Disturbance-Based Management

Classical Approaches to Regulate Forests Area control A regulated forest can be achieved in one rotation, but often at the sacrifices of achieving stable harvest in the near future Volume control A stable harvest can be achieved in the near future, but often at the sacrifices of not achieving regulated forest after one rotation Fore 3215

Area Regulation: Ontario’s Approach Fore 3215

Austrian Formula where I = annual increment (usually determined on the basis of net periodic annual increment) Ga = present growing stock Gr = desired growing stock, where indicated by yield tables or some other empirical standard a = adjusted period in years, which may be a full rotation Fore 3215

Modification to Austrian Formula in Practice where Ip = average annual increment of present growing stock Ie = average expected annual increment of regulated forest growing stock What does the Austrian formula do for a surplus or deficit forest? Fore 3215

Hanzlik’s Formula where Vm = volume of merchantable timber above rotation age R = rotation adopted for future stand in years I = annual increment Fore 3215