Myocardial tissue elastic properties determined by atomic force microscopy after stromal cell–derived factor 1α angiogenic therapy for acute myocardial.

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Myocardial tissue elastic properties determined by atomic force microscopy after stromal cell–derived factor 1α angiogenic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in a murine model William Hiesinger, MD, Matthew J. Brukman, PhD, Ryan C. McCormick, BS, J. Raymond Fitzpatrick, MD, John R. Frederick, MD, Elaine C. Yang, BS, Jeffrey R. Muenzer, BS, Nicole A. Marotta, BS, Mark F. Berry, MD, Pavan Atluri, MD, Y. Joseph Woo, MD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 143, Issue 4, Pages 962-966 (April 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.12.028 Copyright © 2012 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Immediately after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (asterisk indicates exact point of suture ligation), animals were randomly assigned to receive intramyocardial injection of either stromal cell–derived factor 1α or saline solution into the peri-infarct border zone (shaded in blue). Dashed circles (black for border zone; white for scar) indicate tissue removed and mounted for atomic force microscopy 6 weeks after surgery. LV, Left ventricular. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2012 143, 962-966DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.12.028) Copyright © 2012 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 In this analysis, the Young modulus of a material is E, where d is the cantilever deflection, k is its bending spring constant, ν is the material Poisson ratio (assumed to be 0.5), δ is the indentation distance, and α is the half-angle of the cone. MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc, Natick, Mass) scripts were written to batch process the force curves and find the slope of d (blue) versus δ2 (red) lines, which yielded E. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2012 143, 962-966DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.12.028) Copyright © 2012 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 By increasing the elasticity of the dysfunctional peri-infarct border zone and stiffening the infarct scar, stromal cell–derived factor 1α (SDF) therapy may confer a mechanical advantage in resisting adverse ventricular remodeling after infarction. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2012 143, 962-966DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.12.028) Copyright © 2012 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions