By Dr. Hesnaa Saeed AL-Mossawi Organ systems By Dr. Hesnaa Saeed AL-Mossawi

Nervous System Functions Main Parts Brain Nerves Spinal cord regulates behavior maintains homeostasis regulates other organ systems controls sensory and motor functions Main Parts Brain Nerves Spinal cord

The nervous system is divided into two divisions: The Central Nervous System (CNS)– Responsible for relaying messages, processing and analyzing information. The Peripheral Nervous System – Receives information from the environment and relays commands from the CNS to the organs and glands

Integumentary (Skin) System Function 1st line of defense against disease Helps maintain body temperature Keeps fluids inside Works with the excretory and the immune system to help remove cellular waste and protect us from disease. Main Parts Skin Sweat glands Hair nails

Skeletal System: Parts & Function Main parts: Bones Cartilage Connective Tissue Function: Helps support body parts Helps support body during movement Helps protect other major organs: Skull protects the brain Sternum and ribs protects the heart and lungs Vertebra protect the spinal cord

Muscular System Function Helps in movement. Moves materials through the body Main parts Muscles Tendons Ligaments Muscles in organs Skeletal – Attached to bones for voluntary actions and controlled by the central nervous system Smooth – Found in the digestive tract and the blood vessels to move food and blood. Control involuntary actions Cardiac – Heart muscle cells are involuntary

Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System Function Carries blood and nutrients to the cells of the body Carries waste away from the cells, such as carbon dioxide. Arteries help carry oxygenated blood away from the heart Veins carry un-oxygenated blood toward the heart Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Gas exchange takes place here. Main Parts Heart Blood (made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells & platelets) Veins Arteries

Respiratory System Function Breathe Sustain life Main parts Puts oxygen into the body & removes Carbon dioxide Breathe Sustain life Main parts Lungs Nasal passages Throat Nose

Digestive System Function Takes food & breaks it down into nutrients the body needs It provides nutrients to the body’s cells Main parts: Mouth Stomach Liver Pancreas Small intestines Large intestines Rectum

Endocrine System Functions regulates body temperature, metabolism, development, and reproduction; maintains homeostasis; regulates other organ systems Major Structures hypothalamus pituitary pancreas pineal adrenal thyroid parathyroid testes, and ovaries

Important Glands and Hormones of the Human Body Function Pineal Melatonin Controls sleep and wake cycle Thyroid Thyroxine Controls appetite and metabolism Adrenal Adrenaline Deals with stressful situations Thymus Thymosin T-cell development (fight diseases) Ovary Estrogen Female reproduction Testis Testosterone Male reproduction

Excretory System Functions Main Parts Removes wastes from blood Removes harmful substances from blood Regulates body fluids Main Parts Kidneys Urinary bladder

Immune System Functions Main Parts Fights off disease Lymph nodes White blood cells Skin

Reproductive System Functions Main Parts Produce offspring Males- make sperm Females- make eggs Main Parts Male Penis Testes Female Uterus Ovary Vagina