American Revolution Adams and Jefferson

Relations With Britain Colonists distrust the British:  After French & Indian War many British soldiers remain in the colonies  the passing of trade and tax laws Colonists feared British soldiers might interfere with their liberties. Section 1-5

British watched colonial trading closely to prevent smuggling.  1764, British obtain writs of assistance, document allowed search of homes for smuggled goods. Colonists were angry by this intrusion on privacy. Section 1-6

1764 Parliament passes Sugar Act with the intention of ending smuggling.  Act is aimed at preventing smuggling. British judges, not juries, presided over the cases. Denied basic right of (trial by jury). Section 1-7

The Stamp Act Stamp Act taxed printed material in the colonies such as newspapers, pamphlets. Colonists opposition was based on direct taxation. This ignored power of colonial governments to govern and tax themselves. Section 1-9

In March 1766, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act. Boycotts of British goods began. Non-importation agreements hurts British business. October, Congress petitions King “only colonial government can tax the colonies”. In March 1766, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act. Section 1-11

New Taxes Declaratory Act of 1766, Stamp Act is repealed But allows Parliament right to tax and make decisions for the colonies Townshend Acts taxed basic imported goods not produced in the colonies. (Glass, tea, paper, lead Section 1-12

Continental Congress September 1774 55 men met in Philadelphia to challenge British control over the colonies.  Who attended? Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Jay, Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and George Washington. Section 3-5

Decisions of the Congress Called for repeal of the British laws Continue boycott of British goods and trade. Form militias, groups of citizens soldiers. Send Olive Branch Petition to King: asks for peace and for protection of colonists’ rights. King refused Olive Branch Petition and prepared for war. Section 3-6

Maps and Charts 3

Introduction 1

Choosing Sides Patriots: wanted to fight the British until they won their independence. Loyalists: sided with the British and did not consider taxes unfair.

Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia May 10, 1775. (pages 147–150) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-5

Decisions of the Congress Authorized the printing of money.  Established committees to communicate with Native Americans Set up a post office (headed by Ben Franklin).  Established a Continental Army chose George Washington as the commander. Formed committee to write the Declaration of Independence

Colonies Declare Independence (cont.) July 2, 1776, twelve colonies vote for independence. July 4, Declaration approved. Section 4-10

Declaration has 4 main sections Preamble, introduction  List of rights of the colonists  List of grievances against Britain  Proclamation of new nation. Section 4-10

Enlightenment and the Declaration John Locke: Life, Liberty, Property. And Social Contract Later the ideas of Montesquieu are seen in the Constitution Separation of Powers.

Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. Taxed printed material. __ 2. Asked for peace and recognition of colonial rights __ 3. Introduction of Declaration of Independence. __ 4. Refusal to purchase goods. __ 5. To cancel a law. __ 6. Denies the right to Trial by Jury. __ 7. Allowed unjustified search and seizure. __ 8. Sided with the colonists __ 9. Sided with the British. A. Writs of Assistance Stamp Act Sugar Act Boycott Repeal Olive Branch Petition Patriots Loyalists Preamble Chapter Assessment 2