Volume 81, Issue 8, Pages (April 2012)

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Volume 81, Issue 8, Pages 745-750 (April 2012) Anatomic configuration affects the flow rate and diameter of porcine arteriovenous fistulae Mahesh K. Krishnamoorthy, Rupak K. Banerjee, Yang Wang, Ann K. Choe, David Rigger, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury Kidney International Volume 81, Issue 8, Pages 745-750 (April 2012) DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.468 Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Surgical creation of arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a pig model in two different configurations. Panel a describes the curved configuration, whereas panel b documents the straight configuration. DA, distal artery; PA, proximal artery; PV, proximal vein. Kidney International 2012 81, 745-750DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.468) Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Flow rate variation in the proximal vein region at different time points for curved and straight configurations. All values are represented as mean±s.e. Kidney International 2012 81, 745-750DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.468) Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Computed tomography angiogram reconstruction of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula showing curved (right side) and straight (left side) configurations. White lines denote the sections where diameters were computed at different time points for all pigs (n=8). a1, b1=8mm; a2, b2=11mm; a3, b3=19mm; a4, b4=27mm from AV anastomosis. Kidney International 2012 81, 745-750DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.468) Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Average luminal diameter variation of four cross-sections (8, 11, 19, 27mm) in the proximal vein region at different time points for curved and straight configurations. Kidney International 2012 81, 745-750DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.468) Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Representative Doppler ultrasound measurements. Representative Doppler ultrasound recordings at the PA (a), DA (b), and PV locations (c). Note the expected flow reversal during diastole within the distal artery. PA, DA, and PV denote proximal artery, distal artery, and proximal vein locations, respectively. Kidney International 2012 81, 745-750DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.468) Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions