THERMAL ENGINEERING-I

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Presentation transcript:

THERMAL ENGINEERING-I MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CIET

Synopsis Introduction Air-Cycles Fuel-air cycles Actual cycles Engine systems

Introduction Heat Engine Classification I.C.Engine Components and Nomenclature Applications Working principle

Classification of Heat Engines

Classification of IC Engines

Classification of IC Engines Reciprocating (Multi cylinder) (Single cylinder) Rotary (Wankel) Opposed Cyl(2/4/6) Single rotor Twin rotor Inclined Vee Cyl (4/6/8/12)

Application of Engines IC Engine EC Engine Type Application Gasoline Automotive, Marine Aircraft Steam Engines Locomotives, Marine Gas Industrial, Power Stirling Experimental Space vehicles Diesel Automotive , Locomotive, Power Marine Steam Turbines Power Large Marine Gas turbines Industrial CCGT

Basic Engine Components

Basic Engine Components Cylinder block Cylinder

Basic Engine Components Cylinder Piston Cylinder block

Basic Engine Components Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR

Basic Engine Components Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR

Basic Engine Components Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank Crank shaft

Basic Engine Components Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

Basic Engine Components Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

Water jacket for cooling Basic Engine Components Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

Water jacket for cooling Basic Engine Components Inlet manifold Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

Water jacket for cooling Basic Engine Components Inlet valve Inlet manifold Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

Water jacket for cooling Basic Engine Components Exhaust manifold Inlet valve Inlet manifold Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

Water jacket for cooling Basic Engine Components Exhaust manifold Exhaust valve Inlet valve Inlet manifold Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

Basic Engine Components Spark plug Exhaust manifold Exhaust valve Inlet valve Inlet manifold Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

Reciprocating motion into Rotary motion Crank pin Connecting rod Crank Crank shaft

Reciprocating motion into Rotary motion

Reciprocating motion into Rotary motion

Basic Engine Components Cylinder Piston Combustion chamber Inlet manifold Exhaust manifold Inlet and Exhaust valves Spark plug Connecting rod Crankshaft Piston rings Gudgeon pin Cam shaft Cams Fly wheel Fig. Cross-section of a SI Engine

Piston diameter or Cylinder bore Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r Piston diameter or Cylinder bore

Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r TDC

Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r TDC BDC

Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r TDC Stroke BDC

Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r TDC BDC Stroke

Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r IDC ODC

Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r IDC ODC

Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r TDC Stroke BDC

Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r Clearance volume (Vc) TDC Stroke BDC

Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r Clearance volume (Vc) TDC Swept volume (Vs) Stroke BDC

Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r Clearance volume (Vc) TDC Swept volume (Vs) Stroke BDC Compression ratio,

Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC

Air + Fuel mixture from carburetor Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

Air + Fuel mixture from carburetor Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

Air + Fuel mixture from carburetor Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC PV=C Compression 1 Suction 1

Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC PV=C Compression 1 Suction 1

Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC 2 BDC PV=C Compression 1 Suction 1

Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P Combustion initiation by Spark plug Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P 3 TDC BDC V=C Combustion 2 PV=C Compression Suction 1

Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P 3 TDC Combustion V=C PV=C BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 PV=C Compression Suction 1

Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P 3 TDC Combustion V=C PV=C BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 PV=C Compression Suction 1

Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P 3 TDC Combustion V=C PV=C BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 4 PV=C Compression Suction 1

Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.O V P Combustion products 3 TDC BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 4 PV=C Heat rejection Compression V=C Suction 1 5 Exhaust

Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.O V P Combustion products 3 TDC BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 4 PV=C Heat rejection Compression V=C Suction 1 5 Exhaust

Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C Otto Cycle 1-2-3-4-1 V P Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 3 TDC BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 4 PV=C Heat rejection Compression V=C Suction 1 5 Exhaust

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC

Working of 4-S CI Engine Air only I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

Working of 4-S CI Engine Air only I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

Working of 4-S CI Engine Air only I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC PV=C Compression 1 Suction 1

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC PV=C Compression 1 Suction 1

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC 2 BDC PV=C Compression 1 Suction 1

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P Fuel from pump Fuel supply by Injector Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC Local self ignition Combustion 3 2 Compression PV=C P=C Suction 1

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P Fuel from pump Fuel supply by Injector Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC Increased local self ignition Combustion 3 2 Compression PV=C P=C Suction 1

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P Fuel supply cut-off TDC BDC Compression PV=C Combustion 3 P=C 2 Suction 1

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC Combustion 3 2 P=C PV=C BDC Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 Suction 1

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC Combustion 3 2 P=C PV=C BDC 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 Suction 1

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC Combustion 3 2 P=C PV=C BDC 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection Suction 1 5

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.O V P Combustion products TDC BDC 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection Suction 1 5 Exhaust

Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.O V P Combustion products TDC BDC 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection Suction 1 5 Exhaust

Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C Diesel Cycle 1-2-3-4-1 V P Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 TDC BDC 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection Suction 1 5 Exhaust

Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 Otto Cycle and Diesel Cycle V P 5 4 Suction Exhaust Otto Cycle 1-2-3-4-1 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 1 Combustion Compression 3 2 PV=C V=C Expansion Heat rejection V P Suction 5 Exhaust Diesel Cycle 1-2-3-4-1 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection 1 Higher compression ratios possible by using diesel cycle and hence higher efficiency

Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 Otto Cycle and Diesel Cycle V P 5 4 Suction Exhaust Otto Cycle 1-2-3-4-1 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 1 Combustion Compression 3 2 PV=C V=C Expansion Heat rejection V P Suction 5 Exhaust Diesel Cycle 1-2-3-4-1 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection 1 3’ For same compression ratios: Otto cycle is more efficient than diesel cycle

Working of 2-S SI Engine P V Spark plug Deflector TDC Exhaust port BDC Transfer port Intake port

Working of 2-S SI Engine Previously compressed charge Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Combustion TDC BDC Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust E.P.O Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products) Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products) T.P.O

Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products) I.P.C

Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Exhaust (combustion products) Suction Exhaust (combustion products) I.P.O

Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Exhaust (combustion products) Suction Exhaust (combustion products) T.P.C Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction E.P.C Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction Suction

Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Fuel injector Deflector TDC Exhaust port BDC Transfer port Intake port

Working of 2-S CI Engine Previously compressed air Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Fuel injection Combustion TDC BDC Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust E.P.O Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products) Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products) T.P.O

Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products) I.P.C

Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Exhaust (combustion products) Suction Exhaust (combustion products) I.P.O

Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Exhaust (combustion products) Suction Exhaust (combustion products) T.P.C Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction E.P.C Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction Suction

Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction Suction