Adolescence and digital pitfalls: what parents and clinicians need to know Kristal James, LCMHC, NCC Michael Negrette, LMFT Carrie Rogers-Whitehead, Mlis, MPA Utah Mental Health Counselor Association

Objectives What is digital violence? Online harassment and cyberbullying Risk and protective factors for cyberbullying Clinician experiences and perspectives Ethics and digital behavior Discussion

1. What is digital violence? Digital sexual violence is violence

Digital Violence Includes Privacy violations Cyberstalking Cyberbullying Doxing Trolling Hacking and stealing personal images Taking explicit pictures or videos without consent Harassment, particularly with online gaming

However, men are slightly more likely to be harassed online than women Women are more likely to be sexually harassed online than men, particularly young women However, men are slightly more likely to be harassed online than women 2/3 of American adults have witnessed online harassment

Pew Research found an increase in online harassment from their 2014 study to 2017. 53% of women aged 18-29 report they have received unsolicited sexual images online. Online harassment has grown since Pew Research first did the study in 2014

Where does this harassment occur? Video games- Men are more likely to play video games than women. Thus, receive the majority of harassment Dating apps Website comments section Personal emails Social Media Anonymous message boards like Reddit Where does this harassment occur?

Mobile Trends In 2016 more people accessed the Internet through mobile devices than desktops for the first time 95% of teens have access to a smartphone YouTube, Snapchat and Instagram are the most popular social media for teens, followed by Facebook Teen girls use social media more while teen boys play games more 45% of teens according to a 2018 Pew Research study say they are on their phone almost “constantly.”

2. Risk and protective factors for cyberbullying Risk and protective factors for perpetrators and victims

Cyber bullying Risk Factors Students seen as different than their peers Cyber bullying Risk Factors Females 2x more likely to be both victim and perpetrators of cyberbullying More hours behind a screen Less parental and adult monitoring Students previously cyberbullied are more likely to cyberbully others https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-cyber-bullying

Cyber bullying Protective Factors Parental involvement Cyber bullying Protective Factors Encouraging “moral engagement” and empathy Less screen-time Digital literacy skills (i.e. understanding settings) School and family support and safe places to report cyberbullying https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-cyber-bullying Digital citizenship skills (i.e. understanding digital footprint)

Loneliness Risk Factors Protective Factors Individuals who have a lack of connection to peers are more likely to exhibit unhealthy online behavior and be at risk for predators online. Protective Factors Individuals who have more social connection are more likely to use technology in a positive way and have more resiliency to negative online behaviors.

3. CLINICIAN EXPERIENCES AND PERSPECTIVES

Cell Phone Usage Recommendations Set expectations from ‘go’ No cell phones at family time No phones at dinner No Phubbing Turn in cell phones at bed time Follow School Policies Phones are available for ‘checking’ https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-cyber-bullying

Video Game Suggestions – PC and Consoles Baseline then earn – 1 hour to begin No PCs/consoles/TVs in bedrooms Use behavior contracts Balance – Involvement with other activities https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-cyber-bullying

Other Clinical /parental considerations Talk! And Listen! Set a good technology example Model healthy living – Balance Educate yourself! Block options

5. discussion What do you see?

References Centers for Disease Control, “Sexual Violence Prevention,” https://www.cdc.gov/features/sexualviolence/index.html Connecting the Dots: An Overview of the Links Among Multiple Forms of Violence. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Oakland, CA: Prevention Institute. Rogers-Whitehead, Carrie. "What Prevention Science Tells Us about Cyberbullying." ISTE | Blog. June 19, 2018. https://www.iste.org/explore/articleDetail?articleid=2210 Pew Research, “Online Harassment 2017” http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/07/11/online-harassment-2017/ We are Thorn, ”Child Sex Trafficking Statistics” https://www.wearethorn.org/child-trafficking-statistics/

References Hood, Michelle, and Amanda L. Duffy. "Understanding the Relationship between Cyber-victimisation and Cyber-bullying on Social Network Sites: The Role of Moderating Factors." Personality and Individual Differences 133 (2018): 103-08. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.004. StopBullying.gov, “Facts about Bullying,” https://www.stopbullying.gov/media/facts/index.html Pew Research, “Teens, Social Media and Technology 2018” http://www.pewinternet.org/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/