Volume 95, Issue 4, Pages 939-947 (April 2019) Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients  Michel Jadoul, Brian A. Bieber, Paul Martin, Takashi Akiba, Chizoba Nwankwo, Jean Marie Arduino, David A. Goodkin, Ronald L. Pisoni  Kidney International  Volume 95, Issue 4, Pages 939-947 (April 2019) DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.038 Copyright © 2019 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Kidney International 2019 95, 939-947DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.038) Copyright © 2019 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence, by Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) region/country and study phase, in initial cross-sections of study patients in each phase. The study included n = 51,633 patients. Prevalence was weighted by facility sampling fraction. DOPPS phases were as follows: phase 1 (1996–2001 in the United States, 1998–2001 in Europe/Japan); phase 2 (2002–2004); phase 3 (2005–2008); phase 4 (2009–2011); and phase 5 (2012–2015, excluding facilities that did not accept HCV+ patients; France phase 5 was excluded because of incomplete recruitment). Patients in the China DOPPS were enrolled from 15 facilities in each of 3 major cities in China (Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai). HCV prevalence was consistently higher in US black patients (11.3% vs. 4.8% over all DOPPS phases, 14.7% vs. 7.5% in phase 1, 12.7% vs. 7.4% in phase 2, 11.9% vs. 3.5% in phase 3, 10.6% vs. 3.4% in phase 4, and 8.9% vs. 4.1% in phase 5 [unweighted]). A/NZ, Australia/New Zealand; GCC, Gulf Cooperation Council Countires (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates). Kidney International 2019 95, 939-947DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.038) Copyright © 2019 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence per 100 patient years, by Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) region/country and phase; restricted to patients with at least 2 HCV antibody measurements and in whom the initial HCV antibody measurement was negative. Median follow-up ranged from 1.0 to 1.4 years by DOPPS phase. HCV antibodies were not collected longitudinally in DOPPS phase 2 or in China DOPPS phase 4. HCV incidence was thus available for DOPPS phase 1 (1996–2001 in the United States, 1998–2001 in Europe/Japan), phase 3 (2005–2008), phase 4 (2009–2011), and phase 5 (2012–2015), excluding facilities that did not accept HCV+ patients. Patients in the China DOPPS were enrolled from 15 facilities in each of 3 major cities in China (Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai). HCV incidence in US black versus non-black patients: 4.5 versus 2.8 in DOPPS phase 1, 2.4 versus 2.5 in phase 3, 0.8 versus 1.1 in phase 4, and 0.7 versus 0.8 in phase 5. A/NZ, Australia/New Zealand; GCC, Gulf Cooperation Council Countires (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates). Kidney International 2019 95, 939-947DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.038) Copyright © 2019 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions