Section 4 Abolition and Women’s Rights Chapter 14 Section 4 Abolition and Women’s Rights

Abolitionist Call for Ending Slavery Abolition - the movement to end slavery Began in the late 1700s By 1804, most northern states had outlawed slavery By 1807, Congress had outlawed the importation of slaves Freeman – a free African-American or slave David Walker (a freeman) – printed the “Appeal…to the Colored Citizens of the World” calling for slaves to revolt

Abolitionist Call for Ending Slavery (con’t) William Lloyd Garrison (a Northerner) – published an abolitionist paper “The Liberator”. Other famous abolitionists: Sarah and Angelina Grimke – southerners opposing slavery Theodore Weld – petitioned Congress to end slavery John Quincy Adams – read Weld’s petition to Congress despite objections Also defended the group of slaves who rebelled on the slave ship Amistad and successfully won their freedom and return to Africa. 3

Eyewitnesses to Slavery Frederick Douglass A talented speaker recognized in his time. Lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Sojourner Truth Began life as a slave Born in New York Escape to live with Quakers With help of Quakers won a court battle to have her son returned who had been sold. Harriet Tubman Born into slavery in Maryland Escaped in 1849 Made 19 journeys south to assist runaways Had a $40,000 bounty for her capture 4

Underground Railroad Neither underground or a railroad A series of escape routes from the South through the North and into Canada. Runaway slaves moved mainly at night normally by foot but used any means available. Henry Brown “mailed” himself in a box Runaways were assisted by people along the way called “conductors” The homes of the “conductors” were called “stations” which had hiding places for the slaves to stay during the day. 5

Women’s Rights Many of the same people trying to win freedom for slaves still felt that women should stay out of public life Women in the 1800s enjoyed few legal or political rights Could not vote Sit on Juries Hold public office Many laws treated women (especially married women) as children. Single women could managed their on property but once married, many states supported the husbands control of any property. 6

Women Reformers Elizabeth Cady Stanton Other women of note: An abolitionist Women’s rights advocate Applauded William Lloyd Garrison for his support at a World Anti- Slavery Convention. Following the convention, decided to hold a convention supporting women’s rights. Other women of note: Sojourner Truth – spoke out for rights despite concern by abolitionist that it might hurt their cause. Maria Mitchell – (a scientist - astronomer) Founded the Association for Advancement of Women and was the first woman elected into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Susan B. Anthony – Also supported temperance, she was a brilliant organizer. Built the women’s movement into a national organization. 7

Abolition and Women’s Suffrage Slavery ended after the civil war with the 13th Amendment to the Constitution – Abolishes slavery (1865) 14th Amendment to the Constitution – Civil Rights (1869) (except for women) Women’s right would take a little longer The right for women to vote did not come until the 1900s 19th Amendment to the Constitution – Women’s Suffrage 8