OA4202 Final Project Monterey Fire Network Captain D.J. Cote, USMC Major T.F. Dono, USMC With special thanks to Fire Captain Jim Brown of Monterey Fire Nov 3, 2011 Have you ever wanted to be a firefighter as a kid or wondered when you saw a speeding fire truck go by, where is it going, where did it come from, How big is the fire, and What station should deploy forces to a given fire?

Overview Background – Standards of Coverage Graph Depiction Research Questions / MOEs Modeling Assumptions Experiments -- Results Conclusions Further Research x

Backstory Monterey Fire Responsiveness on the Monterey Peninsula Road Network Imagine a BIG FIRE in the center of the peninsula – Where is this?? First thought about a GRAPH Thought of a MAP first – Roads and Road Intersections – What’s close to home, relevant, and deals with meeting a demand? Network= Graph PLUS Capacities, just like the definition If this were a thesis, this would be the title

What is the Standard? Fire Stations at 1.5 miles apart There is a response standard STILL on the books today The Insurance Services Office (ISO) FD Grading Schedule 3)*240 seconds or less travel time for the arrival of the first arriving engine company at a fire suppression incident and 480 seconds or less travel time for the deployment of an initial full alarm assignment at a fire suppression incident * 1.5 miles was time for horse drawn buggy to carry water Fire Stations at 1.5 miles apart

Current Standard The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 1710-7, 2010) The FD shall establish a performance objective of…. Alarm processing time of 60 seconds (1 min turnover) 240 seconds for first arriving engine company (4 mins) 480 seconds for the full alarm assignment (8 mins) For the achievement of each turnout, not less than 90%. 3)*240 seconds or less travel time for the arrival of the first arriving engine company at a fire suppression incident and 480 seconds or less travel time for the deployment of an initial full alarm assignment at a fire suppression incident * 1.5 miles was time for horse drawn buggy to carry water

Monterey Fire Dept. Standards of Coverage Initial apparatus in 6 min (5+1)/80% vs. 5/90%(NFPA) Concentrated Forces 8 min (7+1)/80% vs. 9/90%(NFPA) 3)*240 seconds or less travel time for the arrival of the first arriving engine company at a fire suppression incident and 480 seconds or less travel time for the deployment of an initial full alarm assignment at a fire suppression incident * 1.5 miles was time for horse drawn buggy to carry water Time to target time is a better MOE than distance

Actual Sectors of Cover for Monterey Fire Dept.

A few logical questions… With the assets of the MFD and a given fire One primary Questions – What is the Response Time in minutes? What is the Allocation of Forces? What if some FSs were unavailable? How does interdiction impact response time? Can the system handle simultaneous fires? Can the Monterey Fire maintain time to target goals with multiple fires? Maybe you have a fire station near you MFMC == Max flow min cost

Measures of Effectiveness RESPONSE TIME Time required for concentrated forces Insight for reach within a target time ALLOCATION OF FORCES Distribution of assets for a given fire demand Insight on most strained Fire Stations

Monterey Fire Department Assets Pebble Beach Station1 1 Engine + 1 Ladder Pebble Beach Station2 1 Engine Pacific Grove Station 1 Engine Monterey Station1 1 Engine + 1 Ladder Monterey Station2 1 Engine Monterey Station3 1 Engine Seaside Station 2 Engine TOTAL 8 Engine + 2 Ladder

Modeling Assumptions NO distinction between vehicle types 8 Engine + 2 Ladder = 10 “FireTrucks” ALL calls are Structural Fires Demand of 5 “FireTrucks” (Close to reality) ONLY four fire locations CHOMP, Aquarium, Wharf, Airport

Graph Representation (Nodes) Node Selection Seven Fire Stations Major road intersections Center point of Residential Areas Highly populated fire locations Why are these high risk? Give more backstory here with literature We focused on FOUR High Risk Fire location, depictions here More about capacity in a minute

Graph Representation (Edges) Edge COST is the time to travel an edge Time = distance / MPH Done talking about GRAPH. Time to talk about the NETWORK. Right now, we’ve only mentioned the COST on the graph Just trying to model the speed limitations that the firetruck can travel. Turns out in reality, average speed of trucks to fire is usually the average of the posted speed limit. Rarely do they, or can they can their average speed much higher.

Min Cost Max Flow (cost, 0, 1) (8, 0, ∞) FS1 Demand = 5 Supply = -5 (15, 0, ∞) Demand = 5 Graph + Flow = Network t (0, 5, ∞) (cost, 0, 2)

Graph Depiction ****PICTURE OF Graph Point out the VARIETY OF nodes – RES, Intersections, FD, Points of Interest, i.e. Airport

Graph Depiction Airport CHOMP Aquarium Fish. Wharf ****PICTURE OF NETWORK FDs in red

HANDOVER

MFD Battlefield Setup xxx FireTrucks at FS = 1 2 2 Imagine a BIG FIRE in the center of the peninsula – Where is this?? First thought about a GRAPH Thought of a MAP first – Roads and Road Intersections – What’s close to home, relevant, and deals with meeting a demand? Network= Graph PLUS Capacities, just like the definition If this were a thesis, this would be the title FireTrucks at FS = 2

Modeling Interdiction Degrade the capability of a FS to respond Remove assets Less trucks available Prior tasking

Design of Experiments All Fire Stations full strength Fire Station interdiction – 1, 2, 3 Two simultaneous structural fires All FS full strength PLUS a new FS with 2 trucks

Results Only helps Airport thus Airport is strained Otherwise no help -- Optimal

Allocation of Resources PB1 PB2 PG M1 M2 M3 SSD Approx. Location Forest Lake Near CHOMP Pine Ave City Hall Cannery Row Near Fair-grounds Top of Broad-way Airport ✔ Aqua-rium CHOMP Wharf

Interdicting Fire Stations Who is robust? Who is safe??

Simultaneous Fires with New FS

= Conclusions MFD has a great battlefield setup MFD can STILL achieve time goals with TWO simultaneous structural fires This study reinforces the strength of the current system Functional, resilient and efficient =

Model Improvements More nodes to better simulate reality Fire sites Intersections Multi-commodity Timing Exact fire demand, i.e. 4 Engines, 1 Ladder Fire demands other than structural Integration with other FSs, i.e. Carmel, Salinas

Questions? Thank you Monterey Fire