MP cells can mediate resistance in infectious models that induce TH1-type immunity. MP cells can mediate resistance in infectious models that induce TH1-type.

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MP cells can mediate resistance in infectious models that induce TH1-type immunity. MP cells can mediate resistance in infectious models that induce TH1-type immunity. (A to G) MP cells ameliorate toxoplasmosis via the IL-12–IFN-γ axis in the absence of pathogen antigen recognition. (A) Survival of T. gondii–infected wild-type, Rag γc KO, and Rag γc KO animals that had received CD4+ T cells from wild-type, IFN-γ KO, or IL-12Rβ2 KO mice 4 weeks earlier was monitored daily (n = 4 to 5). (B) T. gondii–infected Rag γc KO and Rag γc KO mice with MP cells were treated with anti–I-Aβ mAb or control IgG, and survival was assessed (n = 9 to 10). (C) Relative pathogen load (mean ± SD) and (D) concentration of IFN-γ in PC of T. gondii–infected wild-type, Rag γc KO, and Rag γc KO animals that received CD4+ T cells 4 weeks earlier (n = 3 to 10). AU, arbitrary units. (E and F) Serum IFN-γ and IL-12p70 concentration (mean ± SD) at the indicated days after infection (n = 3 to 5). (G) T. gondii–infected Rag γc KO mice with or without MP cells from wild-type or IFN-γ KO mice were treated with IL-12, and survival was assessed (n = 7 to 8). Data are representative of two (A and D to F), pooled from two (B and C), and pooled from three (G) independent experiments performed. (H to J) IFN-γ produced by MP cells augments antigen-specific effector CD4+ T cell responses. (H) Experimental design. Rag γc KO mice that had received CD4+ T cells from wild-type or IFN-γ KO mice at day −28 were infected with T. gondii at day 0 and transferred with sorted naïve CD4+ T cells from CD45.1 mice at day 1. (I) The representative dot plots show CD44 expression versus AS15 tetramer staining by CD45.1 donor cells from each group at day 8, whereas the bar graphs show the number (mean ± SD) of CD44hi CD45.1 donor cells (left) and the frequency (mean ± SD) of CD44hi AS15 tetramer+ cell population among CD45.1 donor cells (right; n = 5). (J) CD44hi CD62Llo CD45.1 donor cell population sorted from splenocytes of each group was stimulated with STAg. The bar graph shows the concentration (mean ± SD) of IFN-γ in the culture supernatant from each group (n = 4 to 5). (K and L) MP cells produce IFN-γ and control bacterial growth in M. bovis BCG infection. Wild-type, Rag KO, and Rag KO mice that had received CD4+ T cells 4 weeks earlier were infected with M. bovis BCG, and (K) bacterial burden (CFU; mean ± SD) in the indicated organs and (L) concentration (mean ± SD) of IFN-γ in the spleen were analyzed 17 days after infection (n = 4 to 5). (M) MP cells are protective in M. tuberculosis infection. Wild-type, Rag KO, and Rag KO mice that had received CD4+ T cells were infected with M. tuberculosis, and survival was assessed (n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. NS, not significant. Takeshi Kawabe et al. Sci. Immunol. 2017;2:eaam9304 Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.