Compact radio jets and nuclear regions in galaxies Andrei Lobanov Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie 8th European VLBI Network Symposium Torun, 26-29 September 2006

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Outline A. Lobanov Observational studies of extragalactic relativistic jets Anatomy of extragalactic jets: – VLBI “cores” – collimation and acceleration scales (~103 RS) – regions dominated by strong shocks (~10 pc) – dissipation of shocks and development of instabilities (~100 pc) – kiloparsec-scale jets Relation between the jets and the nuclear environment in active galaxies: – jets from supermassive binary black hole systems – probing absorbing material in the nucleus – connection to accretion disks and broad-line emission 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Jets and AGN A. Lobanov Mbh = 5*108 M Event horizon: 1-2 Rg 10-5 pc Ergosphere: 1-2 Rg 10-5 pc Corona: 101 – 102 Rg 10-4 – 10-3 pc Accretion disk: 101 – 103 Rg 10-4 – 10-2 pc Broad line region: 102 – 105 Rg 10-3 – 1 pc Molecular torus: > 105 Rg > 1 pc Narrow line region: > 106 Rg > 10 pc Jet formation: ~ 102 Rg ~ 10-3 pc Jet visible in the radio: > 103 Rg > 10-2 pc. 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Anatomy of Jets 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies “Cores” of jets A. Lobanov Location at which jets become visible in radio is most likely determined solely by t=1 condition for synchrotron emission (Königl 1981). Lobanov & Zensus 1999 Zensus et al. 1995, Lobanov 1996, Klare et al. 2005 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Collimation and acceleration A. Lobanov VLBI observations of compact jets in nearby AGN provide strong evidence for collimation on linear scales of ~103 RG and strong accelerations on sub-parscec scales 230 Rs Krichbaum et al. 2005 M 87 Bach et al. 2003 Cyg A Magnetically driven acceleration is a viable explanation for the observed speeds (Vlahakis & Königl 2004) 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Shocks on pc scales A. Lobanov Strong shocks are clearly present in jets on small scales (several decaparsecs) – from polarization and distribution of the synchrotron turnover frequency. 3C 273 Core J1 J2 J1 Core J2 Carrara et al. 1997 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Shocks on pc scales A. Lobanov Shock dissipate rapidly while approaching hectoparsec scales: shock models can no longer explain kinematic and spectral evolution observed in jets on these scales Lobanov & Zensus 1999 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Instabilities on pc scales A. Lobanov Linear regime of K-H instability lHs=18.0, lEs=12.0, lEb1=4.0, lEb2=1.9 Gj=2.1, Mj=3.5, h=0.02, aj=0.53, vw=0.21 Lobanov & Zensus 2001, Perucho, Lobanov, Martí 2006 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Instabilities on kpc-scales A. Lobanov On kiloparsec scales, jets are well represented by MHD models; e.g., models for 3C31 (Laing & Bridle 2002,2004), and M87 (Lobanov, Hardee & Eilek 2003, 2006) M87 C HST D E G I A B 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Jet disruption on kpc scales A. Lobanov 0836+710 Lobanov et al. 2006 Perucho, Lobanov, Martí 2007 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Jets and Nuclear Regions 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Jets from binary SMBH A. Lobanov Sol, Pelletier, Asséo (1989), Lobanov & Roland (2005) Magnetically confined outflow from a binary SMBH. Jet components are produced by perturbations in the beam Explains both evolution of a feature in the jet and optical variability Jet contains information about the dynamic state of the binary 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Properties of BBH in 3C345 A. Lobanov (Lobanov & Roland 2005) 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Disk variability and flares A. Lobanov Flares and ejections of new jet components in 3C345 may be related to the characterstic instability timescales in the disk at 20-200 Rg Lobanov & Roland 2005 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Nuclear absorption A. Lobanov Absorption due to several species, most notably HI, CO, OH, HCO+ HI absorption toward compact jets is an excellent tool to probe nuclear regions on parsec scales. Good indicator of physical conditions of the neutral gas(Pedlar 2004) NGC 4151 0.6pc Mundell et al. 2003 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Nuclear absorption A. Lobanov 1946+708: Absorption probed on scales of ~100pc; broad (200km/s) and narrow (50km/s) – likely from a gas in a rotating toroidal structure. Peck & Taylor 2001 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Nuclear opacity: Core shift A. Lobanov Position offset of the optically thick „core“ of a VLBI jet can be used to estimate physical conditions in the nuclear region of AGN Core location: (Königl 1981) Core offset measure: Derived magnetic field and distance from the central engine to the core: Lobanov 1998 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Physics from the core shift A. Lobanov Pressure and density profile in the broad-line regions; magnetic field distributions in compact jets 3C345 Lobanov 1998 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Disk-Jet Connection: 3C120 A. Lobanov (Marscher et al. 2002) 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Jet-BLR connection A. Lobanov BLRG 3C390.3: jet can produce a large fraction of non-thermal continuum Optical maxima correlate with the passages of relativistic plasma through S1 An X-ray minimum is found close to the ejection epochs of C5 and C6 Arshakian et al. 2006 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Jet-BLR connection A. Lobanov The jet in 3C390.3 may power a BLR associated with a subrelativistic outflow from the nucleus. Corona BLR 1 (disk) Subrelativistic outflow VLBI “core” BLR 2 (outflow) Relativistic jet 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies

Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies Summary A. Lobanov Jets are an excellent laboratory for AGN studies Small scale jets are dominated by shocks At larger scales, shocks dissipate, and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability determines the structure and dynamics of the flow Elliptical and helical modes of K-H instability are most prominent, leading to eventual disruption of the flow Magnetically confined outflows may preserve information about the dynamic evolution of the nucleus Jets can be used as probes of nuclear regions in AGN Jet-BLR connection may exist and should be investigated in detail. 10.07.2019 Compact radio jets and nuclear region in galaxies