Figure 1 Radiologic features of patients with white matter syndromes in association with NMDA receptor antibodies Radiologic features of patients with.

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1 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 43 Nervous System Complications of Systemic Viral Infections John E. Greenlee.

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Figure 2. MRI features of patients with MS who had antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MRI features of patients with MS who had antibodies.

Figure 1 Initial brain imaging (A–C) patient 1; (D–F) patient 2; (G–I) patient 3; (J–L) patient 4; and (M) patient 2. Initial brain imaging (A–C) patient.

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Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome and silent cerebral infarcts are associated with severe acute chest syndrome in children with sickle.

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Figure 1 Brain MRI findings in the present case

Figure 4. Brain imaging and neuropathologic demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis in patient PT-10 Brain imaging and neuropathologic demonstration.

Figure 2 Evolution of MRI abnormalities in faciobrachial dystonic seizures Axial fluid- attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-weighted images from patient.

Figure 2 Association of serum IgG reactivity with MRI measures of disease severity Association of serum IgG reactivity with MRI measures of disease severity.

Figure 1 Coronal MRI images showing the evolution of white matter abnormality and atrophy of patient 1 Coronal MRI images showing the evolution of white.

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Figure 3 Example of venous narrowing

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Figure 2 NMDAR-Ab levels, clinical syndromes, and therapy in 8 informative patients with white matter syndromes in association with NMDAR-Ab NMDAR-Ab levels,

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Figure 3 Patient 2 MRI evolution over time before relapse

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Presentation transcript:

Figure 1 Radiologic features of patients with white matter syndromes in association with NMDA receptor antibodies Radiologic features of patients with white matter syndromes in association with NMDA receptor antibodies (A, B) Case 1, who presented with a brainstem syndrome. Axial T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images showing hyperintensity in the midbrain and mesial temporal lobe (arrows in A), which subsequently resolved on follow-up imaging performed at 2 months when the patient had relapsed with a polysymptomatic encephalopathy (B). (C, D) Case 2, who presented initially with a brainstem syndrome followed by periods of recurrent encephalopathy. Axial T2-weighted images 6 months after her initial brainstem syndrome revealed diffuse global cortical atrophy (C). Imaging during an encephalopathic episode 5 years later revealed new white matter changes (arrow in D) and further atrophy. This radiologic feature of leukoencephalopathy progressed on subsequent imaging (not shown). (E–H) Two patients with neurologic syndromes following herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). Serial axial T2 FLAIR images of case 4 (E–G) showing localized cortical changes in the left thalamus and occipital lobe (arrows in E) on initial imaging that progressed, demonstrating significant bilateral white matter signal changes in the parieto-occipital region 2 months later (arrows in F) when the patient presented with significant worsening of cognitive, behavioral, and motor regression. Following treatment and improvement of symptoms, follow-up neuroimaging 2 months later demonstrated a significant resolution of this white matter change (G). Axial T2-weighted image of case 5 at relapse 2 months after HSVE showing extensive bilateral but asymmetrical cystic encephalomalacia centered on the temporo-insular regions (only parietal changes shown) characteristic of HSVE, but in addition demonstrating the characteristic leukoencephalopathic changes seen globally (arrows in H). (I–L) Patients presenting with acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS). At time of relapse with left optic neuritis, brain imaging in case 8 showed subtle periventricular white matter signal change on a T2-weighted image (arrow demonstrating one periventricular lesion in I). Imaging of case 9 showing midbrain (arrow in J), capsular (arrow in K), and thalamic changes (not shown) on axial T2 FLAIR. Axial T2 FLAIR image of case 10 demonstrating patchy subcortical white matter changes (L). Yael Hacohen et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2014;1:e2 © 2014 American Academy of Neurology