Antioxidants that protect mitochondria reduce interleukin-6 and oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, and reduce biochemical markers of organ.

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Antioxidants that protect mitochondria reduce interleukin-6 and oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, and reduce biochemical markers of organ dysfunction in a rat model of acute sepsis D.A. Lowes, N.R. Webster, M.P. Murphy, H.F. Galley British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 110, Issue 3, Pages 472-480 (March 2013) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes577 Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Schematic diagram of study design. Preparation=induction of anaesthesia with isoflurane in a tank, then a tracheostomy with isoflurane anaesthesia via a nose cone followed by ventilation, venous cannulation, and siting of ECG electrodes. Sampling=cardiac puncture, laparotomy, organ removal, termination. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 472-480DOI: (10.1093/bja/aes577) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 (a) Plasma ALT activity, (b) plasma AST activity, and (c) plasma creatinine levels 5 h after administration of LPs/PepG or saline showing the effects of MitoE, MitoQ or melatonin (Mel). Box and whisker plots show the median, IQR, and full range. *Significantly higher than saline control; #significantly lower than LPS/PepG control (Mann–Whitney U-test). P-value shown is Kruskal–Wallis across the LPS/PepG groups. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 472-480DOI: (10.1093/bja/aes577) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 (a) Liver protein carbonyl concentrations and (b) plasma lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) concentrations 5 h after administration of saline or LPS/PepG, and the effects of treatment with MitoE, MitoQ, or melatonin (Mel). Box and whisker plots show the median, IQR, and full range. *Significantly higher than saline control; #significantly lower than LPS/PepG control (Mann–Whitney U-test). P-value shown is Kruskal–Wallis across the LPS/PepG groups. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 472-480DOI: (10.1093/bja/aes577) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 (a) Plasma IL-6 and (b) plasma IL-10 levels 5 h after administration of LPS/PepG or saline, and the effects of MitoE, MitoQ, or melatonin (Mel). Box and whisker plots show the median, IQR, and full range. *Significantly higher than saline control; #significantly lower and †significantly higher than LPS/PepG control (Mann–Whitney U-test). P-value shown is Kruskal–Wallis across the LPS/PepG groups. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 472-480DOI: (10.1093/bja/aes577) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Mitochondrial ATP:O ratios with (a) glutamate and malate as substrate (complexes I, II, III, and IV) and (b) succinate (complexes II, II, and IV) and (c) complex IV activity (as oxygen used per minute) 5 h after administration of saline or LPS/PepG and the effect of treatment with MitoE, MitoQ, or melatonin (Mel). Box and whisker plots show the median, IQR, and full range. *Significantly higher than saline control; #significantly higher than the LPS/PepG control (Mann–Whitney U-test). P-value shown is Kruskal–Wallis across LPS/PepG groups. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 472-480DOI: (10.1093/bja/aes577) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions