Pixel-based pixel value ordering predictor for high-fidelity reversible data hiding Source: Signal Processing Volume 111 June 2015, Pages 249-260 Authors: Xiaochao Qu, Hyoung Joong Kim Speaker: Qun-Feng Zeng Date: 11/23/2017 1 1

Outline Introduction Related Works Proposed Scheme Experiment Results PVO IPVO Proposed Scheme Experiment Results Conclusion 2 2

Related Works - Pixel Value Ordering max 𝑥 ′ =𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑑=0 𝑥 ′ =𝑥+𝑏 𝑖𝑓𝑑=1 𝑥 ′ =𝑥+1 𝑖𝑓𝑑>1 min 𝑥 ′ =𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑑=0 𝑥 ′ =𝑥−𝑏 𝑖𝑓𝑑=1 𝑥 ′ =𝑥−1 𝑖𝑓𝑑>1 𝑋={15,26,25,17} 𝑋𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑡={15,17,25,26} 15 26 25 17 𝑠𝑏=1 14 27 25 17 𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥=26−25=1 𝑥 ′ =26+1=27 𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛=17−15=2 𝑥 ′ =15−1=14

-Improve Pixel Value Ordering Related Works -Improve Pixel Value Ordering max 𝑥 ′ =𝑥+𝑏 𝑖𝑓 𝑑=1 𝑥 ′ =𝑥+1 𝑖𝑓 𝑑>1 𝑥 ′ =𝑥+𝑏 𝑖𝑓 𝑑=0 𝑥 ′ =𝑥+1 𝑖𝑓 𝑑<0 min 𝑥 ′ =𝑥−𝑏 𝑖𝑓 𝑑=1 𝑥 ′ =𝑥−1 𝑖𝑓 𝑑>1 𝑥 ′ =𝑥−𝑏 𝑖𝑓 𝑑=0 𝑥 ′ =𝑥−1 𝑖𝑓 𝑑<0

Proposed Scheme

Proposed Scheme X’=min(9,10,11) X’=max(9,10,11) skip X’=254 Skip X’=10 253 254 Skip 10 X’=10 11 10 Skip

Proposed Scheme x=x’ ? x=x’ ? x”=x+b x=x’ ? x<x’ ? x”=x-b x<x’ ? max(C)=min(C)? No Yes x≤min(C)? VC=254? No Yes Yes No x≥max(C)? x=x’ ? x=x’ ? x”=x+b Yes No Yes No Yes x=x’ ? x<x’ ? x”=x-b x<x’ ? x”=x-b No Yes Yes Yes x>x’ x”=x-b x”=x-1 x”=x-1 Yes x”=x+1

Proposed Scheme X’=9 X”=x-b X’=11 X”=x-b skip X’=254 X”=x+b Skip X’=10 253 254 Skip 10 X’=10 X“=x-b 11 10 Skip

Experiment Results 9 9

Experiment Results -embedding capacity(bits) PVO IPVO PPVO Lena 31000 38000 46000 F16 52000 69000 Baboon 13000 15000 Barbara 25000 29000 33000 Boat 24000 26000 30000 Peppers 27000 House 64000 Sailboat 23000 Elaine 21000 Tiffany 40000 Avg 26500 32400 10 10

Experiment Results -PSNR for 10000bits Prediction error PVO IPVO PPVO [7] [8] [24] [25] [26] propose Lena 58.4 58.1 59.6 60.3 60.5 F16 61.1 61.2 63.7 62.0 62.9 Baboon 52.5 54.0 55.2 53.5 53.6 54.2 Barbara 58.3 58.6 59.4 59.8 60.1 Boat 55.9 55.5 57.4 Peppers 55.4 56.1 58.9 59.0 58.8 House 63.6 64.0 64.8 61.8 64.4 64.6 Sailboat 56.2 58.2 Elaine 56.7 58.0 56.8 57.3 58.7 Tiffany 59.5 56.0 60.6 Avg 57.6 57.8 59.2 59.9 11 11

Experiment Results -PSNR for 20000bits Prediction error PVO IPVO PPVO [7] [8] [24] [25] [26] propose Lena 55.1 54.8 56.2 56.5 56.7 F16 58.5 56.8 60.1 58.1 59.0 59.9 Barbara 54.7 55.2 56.1 55.6 Boat 52.2 52.4 53.3 53.9 54.2 Peppers 52.1 52.5 52.8 55.0 House 60.0 61.0 61.6 54.0 59.3 Sailboat 53.0 53.2 53.6 53.4 Elaine 52.3 51.6 52.9 52.6 53.7 Tiffany 56.0 56.4 56.3 57.2 Avg 54.9 54.6 55.9 55.7 12 12

Conclusion PPVO was demonstrated to have a larger embedding capacity and higher marked image quality than PVO and IPVO. 13 13