Human Evolution

Classification of Humans shared characteristics kingdom Animalia sexual reproduction, heterotroph phylum Chordata 5 characteristics (notochord, gill slits,…) class Mammalia mammary gland, fur order Primates opposable thumb, fingernails, shoulder sockets can make complete circles, forward facing eyes family Hominidae larger brains and body, complex social behavior, 32 teeth, sexual dimorphism, prolonged period of parental care genus Homo species Homo sapiens

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/meet-your-ancestors.html

CLADISTICS State the derived (common) trait of primates, rodents, and rabbits. State the shared characteristic for the last common ancestor of dinosaurs and primates. State which two organisms are more closely related to each other, amphibians and ray-finned fish or amphibians and primates.

new and old world monkeys Hominidae relative time new and old world monkeys Hominidae Chimpanzees, Humans, Gorillas, Oragutans common Hominidae characteristics last common ancestor common primate characteristics

Length of Braincase Zygomatic Arch Mandible (lower jaw) Brow Ridge Forehead Width of Braincase Orbits Sagittal Crest Canine Dental Arcade Foramen Magnum Canine Diastema

Supraorbital Ridge THICK, BONY RIDGE SOMETIMES CALLED THE “BROW RIDGE”. PROJECTS FROM EYEBROW, OVER BROW SOCKET. Record as small, medium, large or absent.

Dental Formula

Prognathism Angle of protrusion of the lower jaw is called prognathism. The hole of the protractor lines up with the bridge of the nose and you draw an imaginary line straight down through the nose cavity. Make sure the skull is parallel with the table top.

SAGGITAL CREST BONY RIDGE THAT RUNS ALONG THE TOP OF A SKULL WHERE MUSCLES ATTACH. ASSOCIATED WITH HEAVY MUSCLES USED TO MOVE THE LOWER JAW. Record as small, medium, large or absent.

Foramen Magnum Is the hole in the skull where the spinal cord enters the brain toward the center of the skull (right) or the back (left)?

VOLUME OF CRANIUM OR BRAIN CASE Measure at the longest point, in millimeters. VOLUME = L x W x H Imagine a container and do not include bony protrusions.