Structure of the Atmosphere

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Presentation transcript:

Structure of the Atmosphere

Structure of the Atmosphere The atmosphere is made of several different layers. Each layer differs in composition and temperature. Pressure decreases as altitude increases.

Structure of the Atmosphere The atmosphere, when scaled to the size of an apple, is no thicker than the skin on an apple. Although the atmosphere is a gas, it behaves like a fluid. There is a surface but no “top” – the atmosphere gradually thins out with increasing altitude.

Structure of the Atmosphere 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 0.93% Argon 0.03% Carbon dioxide + Trace gases

Layers of the Atmosphere vertical temperature (T) profile troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere exosphere

Lower atmosphere: troposphere Approximately 9-16 km thick. Where most weather takes place. Has most mass. Temperature decreases with altitude.

Lower atmosphere: stratosphere Extends to 50 km. Concentrated ozone, which absorbs UV radiation. Heat absorption causes stratosphere temperature to increase.

Upper atmosphere: mesosphere 50-85 km. Meteors burn up in this layer. Top of mesosphere is mesopause, the coldest part of the atmosphere at -130° F. Difficult to study. Too high for weather balloons and too low for satellites.

Upper atmosphere: thermosphere ~ 90 km – up to 1000 km Little mass. Northern lights and satellites Has ionosphere, made up of charged particles.

Upper atmosphere: exosphere outermost layer extending up to 10,000 km Where space and atmosphere merge. Satellites and space craft can reach.

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