Unit 4 Review.

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 4 Review

DNA/RNA Structure Function DNA Bases: (A,T,C,G) A-T C-G *The order of nitrogen bases= Genetic Code! Nucleotide 1.Deoxyribose sugar 2.Phosphate 3.Base Double Stranded RNA Bases: (A,U,C,G) A-U *NO T! C-G Nucleotide 1.Ribose sugar 2.Phosphate 3.Base Single Stranded

Be able to understand… Give the complementary base pairs for both DNA and mRNA Questions about the genetic code Why must the bonds between bases be weak Structure of Nucleotides What do Nucleotides contain in both DNA and RNA

Mitosis/Meiosis DNA must be copied before BOTH Mitosis and Meiosis!! Cell growth Diploid (2n) Ex: 6->6 Meiosis: Produces sex cells (Gametes= sperm + egg) *Crossing Over Haploid (n) Ex: 6->3 DNA must be copied before BOTH Mitosis and Meiosis!!

PRACTICE Number of Divisions 1 2 3 4 Number of Cells ? A dogs body cells contains 78 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in a dog’s gametes? 23 39 78 46

Codon Charts Objective: Using your codon chart, explain how a change in the last letter may not affect the amino acid that is coded for. What are the codons that specify for Threonine? _______

Mutations Practice Protein 1 AUG CAG GGG CCC Protein 2 AUG CAG GGG CAC What kind of mutation is this? Gene/Chromosomal Point/Frameshift/Neither Specific: Protein 2 is nonfunctional. Why?

Transcription/Translation

Gene Expression https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_1QLdtF8d0 Main Points: Genes are turned on and off in order for certain proteins to be expressed or shown. Different cells are able to perform different functions because of gene regulation (ex: muscle cells and nerve cells)