RECONSTRUCTION FLIPBOOK

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Pg U12-2 Reconstruction Definition: How to: (In the box) 1865 – 1877 Definition: Process that the Union used to readmit the Confederate States How to: Readmit the South into the Union (Political) extend citizenship to formerly enslaved (Political) Rebuild southern economy (Economic) provide for the basic needs of formerly enslaved people (Social) Why was it necessary? Do not write South was an economic disaster Farms and plantations destroyed 40% of Southern livestock killed 50% farm machinery destroyed Factories and railroads demolished **Gone was the labor source of the South

Reconstruction (still U12-2) In the boxes Leads to: Power struggle developed between the president and Congress over which branch should control reconstruction Presidential Reconstruction: Led by President Johnson Required ratification of 13th amendment to rejoin Congressional Reconstruction: Reconstruction was failing Led by Congress Required ratification of the14th amendment to rejoin Also known as Radical Reconstruction Tried to impeach Johnson for opposing their Reconstruction policies

1-4 “open the door to equality” Amendments pg U12-3 & 4 13th 14th 15th 1-3 “Set the slaves free” When: 1865 What: Abolished Slavery Freed all slaves without compensation to slave owners (No $) Lincoln began process with Emancipation Proclamation President Johnson required Confederate states to ratify in order to rejoin the Union 1-4 “open the door to equality” 1-5 “Voting is alive” When: 1868 What: Granted citizenship & equal protection and due process to all persons BORN in the United States. (Except Natives) Required Southern states to ratify it to rejoin South refused to ratify This enrages Congress Leads to: Congress passing Reconstruction Act of 1867 When: 1870 What: Protected the voting rights of African American Males Did not apply to WOMEN or Native Americans South passed poll taxes and literacy tests to prevent African Americans from voting

Freedmen’s Bureau pg U12-5 & 6 What: A federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War. Established by the U.S. war department in 1865 What services did it provide? Supervised educational activities & Established over 1000 schools Issued clothing, food, medicine Help with resettlement and legal aid Controlled confiscated land/property in former Confederate States, border states, DC, and Indian Territory

Freedmen’s Bureau PG U12- 5 &6 Problems Difficult to transition African Americans from slaves to citizens Underfunded (not enough $$ to run programs) Most freedmen not given what they were promised Some white southerners/racists killed teachers and burned schools Why was it important to have an agency such as this one?

Freedmen’s Bureau pg U12-5 & 6 Southern reactions 1. Freedmen still had to follow state laws (even though they were protected by Federal Laws) 2. Black Codes – laws passed in the South to limit freedoms (13th,14th, and 15th amend) for African Americans (no job = forced back to plantation) 3. Jim Crow Laws- southern laws that segregated blacks and whites 4. Ku Klux Klan-A secret society that wanted to destroy the Republican party in the South Restore Democratic power and keep slaves powerless Didn’t agree with opportunities given to freedmen Intimidated African Americans and those who helped them Military often ignored

Freedmen’s Bureau pg U12-5 & 6 Southern reactions 5. Sharecropping – landowners give farm workers land, seed & tools in return for a part of the crop Developed to replace slave labor (kept African Americans in a cycle of debt) 6. Tenant Farming – formerly enslaved paid rent to plantation owners to be able to farm a plot of land

ACTS/LEGISLATION pg U12-7 & 8 Civil Rights Act of 1866 (14th amendment) Definition declared all persons born in US= citizens (not as strong as the14th amendment/easier to change) Excluded Native Americans Pres. Johnson vetoed- Congress overruled

ACTS/LEGISLATION pg U12-7 & 8 Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Passed because most southern states refused to ratify the 14th amendment Divided South into: 5 military districts Each district run by an Army Commander (South was furious and resentful) Members of the ruling class ( White Democrats) lost their right to vote *Freedmen should NOT be kept from voting 2 things Southern states have to do to re-enter the Union 1. Approve new state constitutions and give African American males the right to vote 2. Ratify the 14th amendment

ACTS/LEGISLATION Presidential Election of 1876: Hayes (R) Tilden (D) pg U12-7 & 8 Presidential Election of 1876: Hayes (R) Tilden (D) No clear winner Compromise of 1877 is necessary Decided election of 1876

ACTS/LEGISLATION Compromise of 1877 REPUBLICANS GET: Hayes = President pg U12-7 & 8 Compromise of 1877 The agreement that resolved an 1876 election dispute REPUBLICANS GET: Hayes = President Democrats promised to respect African Americans’ civil and political rights DEMOCRATS GET: Removal of Federal troops Hayes would appoint a Democrat to his cabinet Help South industrialize Southern transcontinental railroad linking to the West Reconstruction ENDS

ACTS/LEGISLATION Homestead Act 1862 pg U12-7 & 8 Homestead Act 1862 Accelerated settlement of the western territory

ACTS/LEGISLATION Morrill Act 1862 pg U12-7 & 8 ACTS/LEGISLATION Morrill Act 1862 New western states = establish colleges for their citizens Land grants = agriculture and mechanical arts Texas A& M Colleges specifically dedicated to the education of African Americans Facilitated the founding of UT and Texas A&M

ACTS/LEGISLATION Dawes Act 1887 pg U12-7 & 8 Dawes Act 1887 Law allowed for the President to break up reservation land to be parceled/distributed to individual owners Intended to encourage Native Americans to give up their traditional cultures= required to assimilate into American society

Significant groups/people pg U12-9 Andrew Johnson – became President after Lincoln was shot. Was in favor of a softer form of reconstruction Radical Republicans tried to impeach him Radical Republicans: Favored harsh treatment of the South Pushed for Freedmen’s citizenship and voting rights Seized land from plantation owners Not willing to compromise with South Ulysses S. Grant – President during the rest of Reconstruction. His presidency was riddled with corruption. Hiram Rhodes Revels – 1870 First African American Senator From Mississippi Appointed by state legislature during Reconstruction Spoke out against segregation

Significant groups/people pg U12-9 Scalawags – Southerners who sided with or voted for Radical Republicans Carpetbaggers – Northerners who came to the South for business or to replace the democratic politicians

Reconstruction Ends Nation rebuilt and reunited Did not achieve, but on the path to equality for African Americans African Americans still in poverty and widespread violence, but could legally vote and hold office Republicans lost political power = Democrats rule the South for next 100 years