Tfr cells robustly secrete IL-10 after acute viral infection.

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Tfr cells robustly secrete IL-10 after acute viral infection. Tfr cells robustly secrete IL-10 after acute viral infection. Analysis of the Treg cell response after LCMV infection in IL-10 reporter (10BiT Thy1.1) mice. (A) Quantification of the number of Tfr cells, non-Tfr Treg cells, pre-Tfh cells, Tfh cells, and GC B cells at days 0, 5, 8, and 12 after infection. Populations are defined as follows: Tfr cells, CD4+Ly6C−PSGL1loCXCR5hiPD1hiFoxp3+; non-Tfr Treg cells, CD4+CXCR5int-loPD1int-loFoxp3+; pre-Tfh cells, CD4+CD44hiLy6C−PSGL1loCXCR5intPD1intFoxp3−; Tfh cells, CD4+CD44hiLy6C−PSGL1loCXCR5hiPD1hiFoxp3−; and GC B cells, B220+IgDloGL7+CD95+. (B) Quantification of the ratio of Tfr cells to Tfh cells or GC B cells at days 0, 5, 8, and 12 after infection. (C) Representative plot of IL-10 expression (assessed as Thy1.1) by Tfr cells (left) and non-Tfr Treg cells (middle) from mice as described in (A). Right: Frequency of Thy1.1+ cells in Tfr cells and non-Tfr Treg cells at days 0, 5, 8, and 12 after LCMV Armstrong infection. Statistical analyses were performed using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). Data are from two experiments representative of four experiments with three to six mice per time point after LCMV Armstrong infection. Brian J. Laidlaw et al. Sci. Immunol. 2017;2:eaan4767 Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works