Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for Aviation United Nations International Committee on GNSS 1 - 2 December, 2005 Ken Alexander United States (US) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

GNSS Aviation Integrity Using ICAO GNSS Implementation Strategy and ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices GPS Aviation Use Approved for Over a Decade Aircraft Based Augmentation Systems (ABAS) – (e.g. RAIM) Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS) since 2003 Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) augmenting GPS Development of GNSS Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) Continues Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) GNSS is Cornerstone for National Airspace System

GPS (ABAS) Aviation Receivers Over 16,000 * Commercial Air Carrier Instrument Flight Rated (IFR) GPS Receivers Sold (as of 2003) Additional 70,000 – 80,000 * General Aviation IFR GPS receivers sold * U.S. manufacturer sales only (does not include units limited to visual situational awareness)

GPS Aviation Ops Approvals 42 Nations 42 2

Space Based Augmentation System (e.g. WAAS) Enhanced Navigation for All Phases of Flight Enroute, Arrival, and Departure: Provides Navigation Services to Users Not Currently Served by Land Based Navigation Aids Increases Availability of GNSS Vertically Guided Aircraft Approach: Enhances Safety by Providing Vertical Guidance No Ground Hardware Required at Airport Allows Instrument Operations to All Capable Airports Supports Every Runway in Coverage Area Provides Safety of Life Integrity Services today Use Expanding Globally SBAS Can Augment Multiple Satellite Navigation System Constellations Objective: Full GLS Capability Upgrade to GNSS Landing System Capability (GLS) Eliminates Loss Of Vertical Guidance Caused By Ionospheric Storms; Supports 200’ Decision Height - For U.S., GLS Requires Availability of L5 Hardware: Upgrade of Reference Station Receivers to Receive L5 FAA Ground Upgrade Complete 2013 Software: Broadcast of WAAS Message on L5 (starting late 2006)

SBAS (WAAS) Architecture WAAS Commissioned 10 July, 2003 - Adding 13 additional reference stations - Acquiring two new GEO satellite communications links – launched September 9th and October 13th - Preliminary acceptance testing for both satellites complete by April 2006 - Expect operations by first quarter FY 07 - 2008 Greater availability of approach with vertical guidance performance with Incremental System improvements (Approach Procedure Development ~ 300/yr) USA, Canada, and Mexico Cooperating on GNSS Implementation - Canada and Mexico Hosting Additional WAAS Reference Stations (5 Mexico & 4 Canada - Operational in 2006 and 2007 respectively) - Continuing International Harmonization Activities Support User Interoperability with other SBAS implementations

SBAS Avionics Currently Available Garmin GNS-480/CNX-80 ~ 4000 units sold In Development Garmin 430/530 Upgrade – Available Fall 2006 50,000 units sold and eligible for upgrade Free Flight – Available 2006 Panel Mount Receiver and LPV capable sensor Avidyne, Chelton, CMC, Universal, Thales, and Honeywell expect to have units available 2006/2007 Development of Rockwell Collins Unit Supports high end users, available Nov 2006 WAAS Upgrade for Challenger 604 (FAA flight inspection aircraft) available June 2007 Additionally, Most GPS Receivers currently manufactured for sale in U.S. include WAAS (SBAS) capability

Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) U.S. Approach to ICAO Strategy for Interoperable GBAS is Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Provides Navigation Signal to Support Most Demanding Approach Requirements One LAAS Ground Station Can Cover Entire Airport to Provide Precision Guidance Approach and Departure Procedures to All Runway Ends Surface Movement (Taxi operations)

GBAS (LAAS) Architecture

GBAS International Cooperation International Service Providers Need Precision Approach capability (200 to zero foot Decision Height) FAA, Airservices Australia, AENA/Spain, and DFS/Germany Have Ongoing Contract Activities International GBAS Working Group established With European Service Providers, EUROCONTROL and Industry Boeing & Airbus Joined in Support of GBAS Boeing B-737NG Certified With GBAS Avionics Airbus A-380 to be Certified International GBAS Development Activities Airservices Australia Interested in cooperation with FAA to Leverage U.S. GBAS Technology Investments to provide initial ops capability Germany and Spain Interested in use of resulting product Development of “Provably” Safe Prototype by End of 2006 In-Progress Implementing Existing “Beta-LAAS” Software Developing New “Provably Safe” Integrity Algorithms Upgrades to GPS Reference Receivers and Antennas Develop Preliminary System Safety Assessment Report

Performance-Based Navigation Increased Flight Efficiencies Increased Schedule Predictability Environmentally Beneficial Procedures Benefits: Enhanced Safety Increased Capacity Reduced Delays Efficient, Flexible Routing Vector Vector - - Free Free Streamlined Streamlined Arrivals Arrivals Departures Departures All All - - Weather Weather Approaches Approaches What Is “Performance-Based” Navigation? End-to-end System of Concepts and Applications Based on Performance Standards without dependence upon Specific Technologies or Equipment Recognizes Aircraft Capability to Operate Safely and Efficiently Using On-Board Aircraft Based Systems In Conjunction with External Signals Provided by Ground Based, Space Based systems Objective: Fully Utilize Capabilities of All Aircraft Nav Equipment FAA Committed to “Performance Based National Airspace System” Cannot Afford to Sustain All Existing Navigation Services Performance based services provides capabilities in most cost-effective manner Implementation of GNSS Core Enabling Technology Future Navigation Services are aligned with Performance Based Strategy

Summary GPS: Robust and Operating above Standards; Modernized System will Meet Aviation Needs SBAS: WAAS Commissioned for Instrument Use and Incrementally Adding Capability Supports Performance Based Airspace Capability Benefits All Classes of Aviation Users Enhances Navigation for All Phases of Flight Receivers Available Today, More Coming Next 3 Years GBAS (LAAS) Continuing to investigate Technical Approach Performance Based Navigation U.S. Committed to Performance Based Systems Transitions Leveraging Aircraft and Aviation Infrastructure Investments

BACKUPS

http://gps.faa.gov