Proper timing of blood cardioplegia in infant lambs: superiority of a multiple-dose regimen Kenneth G Warner, MD, Malachi G Sheahan, MD, Sameh M Arebi,

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Proper timing of blood cardioplegia in infant lambs: superiority of a multiple-dose regimen Kenneth G Warner, MD, Malachi G Sheahan, MD, Sameh M Arebi, MD, Anirban Banerjee, MD, Judith M Deiss-Shrem, Kamal R Khabbaz, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 71, Issue 3, Pages 872-876 (March 2001) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02543-1

Fig 1 Illustration of the experimental preparation. (RA = right atrium; LA = left atrium; IVC = inferior vena cava.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 872-876DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02543-1)

Fig 2 The time courses of myocardial pH for group S (solid circles) and group M (open circles) are shown. During the initial phase of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the first 90 minutes of cross-clamp (XC), myocardial pH values were similar between the two groups. However during the last 30 minutes of cross-clamp and during the reperfusion phase, myocardial pH values in group S were significantly lower than in group M. At the time of separation from bypass, myocardial pH values were identical in both groups. ∗p < 0.001. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 872-876DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02543-1)

Fig 3 The accumulation of hydrogen ion, [H+], during the cross-clamp interval was significantly greater in group S (closed bar) than in group M (open bar). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 872-876DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02543-1)

Fig 4 Shown are the percent changes in the post–cardiopulmonary bypass values of tau and the end-systolic elastance (Ees) when compared with the pre–cardiopulmonary bypass values. The percent changes in tau and Ees were significantly greater in group S (closed bars) than in group M (open bars). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 872-876DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02543-1)