ROMAN TOWNS AND TOWN PLANNING ANTONIE KYNČLOVÁ, BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC
TERRITORIES OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
THE MOST FAMOUS ROMAN TOWNS ETRUSCAN 1. VEII, 2. MARZABOTTO, ROME 3. ROME, 4. TIVOLI, 5. OSTIA ROMAN TOWNS 6. JERUSALEM, 7. CARTAGO, 8. POMPEI, 9. HERCULANEUM, 10. SPLIT, 11. TREVIR, 12. AOSTA, 13. MERIDA, 14. ARLES, 15. PIZZA ARMERINA, VILLA CASALLE, 16. AVENCHE, 17. SILCHESTER, 18. FISCHBOURNE, 19. LEPTIS MAGNA, 20. TIMGAD, 21. LAMBAESIS, 22. AFRODISIAS, 23. CAESAREA MARITIMA, 24. BAALBEK, 25. PALMIRA, 26. GERaSA, 27. NIKOPOLIS AD ISTRUM
ROMAN TOWNS – ROME (ITALY) ROME WAS BASED ON SEVEN HILLS: CAPITOLINUS, AVENTINUS, PALATINUS, QUIRINALIS, VIMINALIS, ESQUILINUS, CAELIUS. 1. CAESARS FORUMS 2. COLOSEUM 3. CIRCUS MAXIMUS 4. TRAIANS BATH 5. CARACALS BATH 6. DIOKLETIANS BATH 7. HADRIANS MAUSOLEUM 8. DOMICIANS STADIUM 9. PORT AND MARKET
ROMAN TOWNS – PLANNING 1. CARDO 2. DECUMANUS 3. PRAETORIUM (HOUSE OF COMMANDER) TOWNS WERE MOSTLY PLANNED ON THE BASE OF THE ROMAN MILITARY CAMP. TOWNS, AS WELL AS CAMPS, WERE ORGANISED AROUND TWO MAIN AXIS – CARDO AND DECUMANUS.
ROMAN TOWNS – AUGUSTA PRAETORIA SALASSORUM (AOSTA; ITALY) 1. PRETORIAN GATE 2. ARENA 3. THEATRE 4. FORUM 5. BRIDGE TOWN WITH 10 METER HIGH FORTIFICATION WITH 20 TOWERS.
ROMAN TOWNS PIAZZA ARMERINA, VILLA CASALLE (ITALY)
ROMAN TOWNS – AUGUSTA TREVERORUM (TRIER, GERMANY) 1. NIGRA GATE 2. FORUM 3. AMPHITHEATRE 4. CIRCUS MAXIMUS 5. BARBARAS BATH 6. STORES
ROMAN TOWNS – ARELATE (ARLES, FRANCE) 1. FORUM 2. THEATRE 3. ARENA 4. BATH
THE MOST IMPORTANT BUILDINGS ROMAN TEMPLES – BUILT ON THE FORUMS WHERE THEY REPRESENTED A DOMINANT TEMPLE DISTRICTS – BIGGER TEMPLES BUILT AFTER GREEKS AND SMALLER AFTER ETRUSCANS THEATRE – UNLIKE GREECE THEATRES SERVED FOR ENTERTAINMENT; SEMI-CIRCLE AUDITORIUM AMFITHEATRE – COLOSSEUM (THE BIGGEST) – FOR GAMES; HIPPODROMES FOR THE FOUR-SEATERS COMPETITIONS BATH (THERME) – AVAILABLE FOT COMMON CITIZENS, IMPORTANT TOWN CENTRE, NOT ONLY FOR THE HYGIENE, BUT THEY COMPRISED E.G. LIBRARIES AND OTHER FUNCTIONS BASILICA – BIG ROOFED BUILDINGS ON FORUMS FOR PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES MARKET – TERRACED BUILDING WITH SHOPS CONNECTED BY PASSAGES
ROMAN TEMPLES WERE BUILT ON FORUMS AS MAIN BUILDINGS THE PANTHEON (27 BC – 14 AD) ROMAN TEMPLES WERE BUILT ON FORUMS AS MAIN BUILDINGS
TEMPLE IN NIMES – MAISON CARRÉE (FRANCE, 4-7 AD)
AMFITHEATRES WERE BUILT ONLY FOR ENTERTAIMENT THE BIGGEST ONE STILL EXISTING IS THE COLOSSEUM HIPPODROMES WERE BUILT FOR THE FOUR-SEATERS RACES
TRIUMPHAL ARCHES THE ARCH OF CONSTANTIN (AD 315)
WATER SUPPLY – AQUADUCT AQUEDUCTS BROUGHT WATER FROM LAKES TO TOWNS FOR LONG DISTANCES REVISION SHAFTS WATER SUPPLY SETTLING TANK COVERED CHANEL RESERVOIR WATER SOURCE TOWN
THE MOST FAMOUS AQUEDUCT IS THE PONT DU GARD (FRANCE, AD 40-60)
AQUADUCT OF SEGOVIA (SPAIN, 1ST CENTURY AD)
SEWERAGE SYSTEM – CLOACA MAXIMA (ROME, BC 600)
ROMAN TOWNS – FOOD STORAGE – GRAIN SILOS – BIG CELLARS IN WEALTHY ROMANS HOUSES – STORAGE OF WINE AND OILS IN AMPHORAS BURRIED IN SAND – WAREHOUSES – CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION OF FOOD BY HONEY, SALT, VINEGAR
ROMAN FORTS AND MILITARY CAMPS 1. CARDO 2. DECUMANUS 3. PRAETORIUM (HOUSE OF COMMANDER) 1. PREATORIUM (HOUSE OF COMMANDER) 2. QUESTORIUM 3. QUESTORIUM 4. SIDE FACED TO THE ENEMY
ROMAN FORTIFICATIONS FORTIFICATIONS OF ROMAN CAMPS AND CITIES WITH TOWERS PARTS OF ROMAN FORTIFICATIONS STILL EXIST
ROMAN TOWNS – POPULATION HOW MANY PEOPLE LIVED IN TOWNS ROME – 350 THOUSAND (THE BIGGEST) ALEXANDRIA – 216 THOUSAND AVERAGE POPULATION WAS ABOUT 10-50 THOUSAND TOWN GOVERNMENT CITY COUNCIL – CURIA PEOPLE CLASSES AFTER THE SOCIAL CLASS: SLAVERS SLAVES AFTER THE PROPERTY: I (100.000 ASSOS) II (75.000 ASSOS) III (50.000 ASSOS) IV (25.000 ASSOS) V (10.000 ASSOS)
ROMAN CAMPS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC – USUALLY TENT CAMPS WITH WOODEN FORTIFICATIONS – DISCOVERED THANKS TO THE AERIAL ARCHEOLOGY IN THE PAST FEW YEARS – CHARVÁTSKÁ NOVÁ VES – BRNO – VOJTOVA (DISCOVERED IN 2018) – BRNO – MODŘICE – PŘIBICE – MUŠOV – OLOMOUC => – JEVÍČKO
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ANTONIE KYNČLOVÁ, BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC