Figure 2 CD4+ T-cell subsets fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with multiple sclerosis treated.

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Figure 2 ALSFRS-R changes (A) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) slope after 6 months of treatment without (left)

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Figure 3 B-cell amount and the frequency of various B-cell subtypes are differentially affected by FTY or DMF treatment B-cell amount and the frequency.

Figure 2 Anti-LINGO-1 (Li81) does not affect cytokine production

Figure 4 Relation of neuropsychological deficits and intrathecal immune cell subsets in GABAB receptor antibody–associated limbic encephalitis Relation.

Figure 1 Treg percentage and suppressive function increased during each round of Treg infusions Treg percentage and suppressive function increased during.

Figure 5 Treatment with fingolimod raises the activation threshold of monocytes in MS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 healthy donors, 7 patients.

Figure 3 JCV index changes in JCV+ patients

Figure 3 Decreased AHI1 in human CD4+ T cells is associated with decreased proliferation and increased IFNγ production Decreased AHI1 in human CD4+ T cells.

Figure 3 Age, pretreatment, sex, and leukopenia do not influence CD19+ cell repopulation Age, pretreatment, sex, and leukopenia do not influence CD19+

Figure 2 The frequency of helper T cells (Th) within CD4+ population and TCRγδ within CD3+ cells is affected by FTY and DMF treatment The frequency of.

Figure 2 Brain-infiltrating immune cells mainly consist of CD8+ memory T cells Immunofluorescence staining of brain-infiltrating immune cells. Brain-infiltrating.

Figure 1 Effect of DMF therapy on T cell subsets

Figure 4 Abundance of cytokines which showed significant difference in expression in the plasma and the cultured PBMC of patients with RRMS Abundance of.

Figure 2 Alemtuzumab-induced changes in the dendritic cell compartment

Figure 5 Cytokine release and stimulation of cells during alemtuzumab treatment Cytokine release and stimulation of cells during alemtuzumab treatment.

Figure 1 The abundance of CD3+ T cells and their subtypes are significantly affected by FTY and DMF treatment The abundance of CD3+ T cells and their subtypes.

Figure 2 APCs from laquinimod-treated mice inhibit differentiation of Tfh cells APCs from laquinimod-treated mice inhibit differentiation of Tfh cells.

Figure 1 MOR103 sequential-dose trial flowchart of study population with multiple sclerosis aPatients received 2 doses of study drug before trial withdrawal.

Figure 1 8-Iso-PGF2α levels in CSF of patients with MS and controlsCSF 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) levels were estimated using an ELISA. (A)

Figure 1 Peripheral blood leukocyte subset counts during dimethyl fumarate treatmentComplete blood cell counts were obtained at baseline (n = 34) and at.

Figure 2 DTI values between the hepatitis C group and controls(A) DTI FA values, (B) DTI diffusion values. *Statistically significant at FDR-adjusted p.

Figure 1 Time points of blood sampling

Figure 3 Responder subset (A) Percentage of “responders” (nonprogressing patients) at week 25 after 6 months of treatment; percentage of “responders” in.

Figure 2 JCV index JCV index (A) Fifty samples of natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis were assessed twice for their anti-JCV antibody.

Figure 5 Alemtuzumab-induced changes in the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) compartment Alemtuzumab-induced changes in the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) compartment.

Figure 2 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells accumulate in the CSF in GABAB receptor antibody–associated LE CD4+ and CD8+ T cells accumulate in the CSF in GABAB receptor.

Figure 1 Schematic overview of flow cytometry Schematic overview on the analysis of peripheral immune cells by flow cytometry. Schematic overview of flow.

Figure 1 Evolution of blood cell counts during 18-month treatment and follow-up (A) Mean white blood cell count, (B) mean lymphocyte count, (C) mean eosinophil.

Figure 3 Analysis of the prognostic value of IL-10–producing B cells or IL-6/IL-10–B-cell ratio measurements in patients with RIS/CIS MS Analysis of the.

Figure 1 The human adaptive immune profile in multiple sclerosis (MS)‏

Figure 5 Increased B cell-activating factor (BAFF) levels are shared between immunomodulatory treatments Increased B cell-activating factor (BAFF) levels.

Figure 1 JCV serostatus JCV serostatus (A) Serostatus of 1,921 natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis, with JCV− patients shown in black.

Figure 5 Pairwise correlations between selected patient-reported outcomes and performance tests in patients with MS (A) The number of pairwise correlations.

Figure 3 Longitudinal performance of 2 MS–cohabitant participant pairs on Ishihara color testing Both response speed and response accuracy are provided.

Figure 1 Phenotype and functional properties of B cells in MS and HCs at baseline Phenotype and functional properties of B cells in MS and HCs at baseline.

Figure 1 Proportions of the major B-cell subsets in DMF-treated patients Proportions of the major B-cell subsets in DMF-treated patients B cells were collected.

Figure 4 Shared and unique immune changes induced by multiple sclerosis (MS) immunomodulatory treatments Shared and unique immune changes induced by multiple.

Figure 1 Annual trend in specimen type submitted as first sample for aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G testing (serum only vs CSF only vs both) from 101,065.

Figure 2 Distinct changes to immunoprofile in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and multiple sclerosis (MS)‏ Distinct changes to immunoprofile in autoimmune.

Figure 1 Anti-LINGO-1 (Li81) has no effect on activated T-cell proliferation Anti-LINGO-1 (Li81) has no effect on activated T-cell proliferation (A) Western.

Figure 6 Cellular composition after tissue dissociation

Figure 3 Cytokine gene expression in PBMC stimulated with PPD or MBP in vitroCytokine messenger RNA transcripts were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear.

Figure 1 B cells and plasma cells accumulate in the CSF in GABAB receptor antibody–associated LE B cells and plasma cells accumulate in the CSF in GABAB.

Figure 1 Examples illustrating gating strategy for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)‏ Examples illustrating gating strategy for fluorescence-activated.

Figure 1 Association between serum levels of IL-18 and hippocampal volume in patients with schizophrenia Scatter plots show a positive correlation between.

Figure 3 Multiple sclerosis (MS) immunomodulatory treatments interferon-β (IFNB) and fingolimod (FTY720) result in global perturbation of the immune system.

Figure 2 Peripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts during dimethyl fumarate treatment(A) Lymphocyte subsets were obtained at baseline (n = 21) and at month.

Figure 1 BG-12 treatment reduced total circulating B cells and had variable effects on memory B cells BG-12 treatment reduced total circulating B cells.

Figure 4 Alemtuzumab-mediated effects on interleukin (IL)–23 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production in innate myeloid.

Figure 3 Pedigrees of 3 multiplex families with NLRP3 mutations and MS The patient numbers refer to the patients listed in table 1. Pedigrees of 3 multiplex.

Figure 1 CD52 expression on innate myeloid and lymphoid cell subsets

Figure 2. Odds ratios (ORs) from the multivariate logistic regression analysis and hazard ratios (HRs) from the Cox regression analysis Odds ratios (ORs)

Figure 2 Correlation between wGRS and age at onset The figure shows the correlation between weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) and age at onset in all.

Figure 4 Increased susceptibility of MIF−/− CD4+ T cells to immunosuppression by Dex in EAE (A) MOG35-55 peptide-activated donor cells from wild-type (Wt)

Figure 4. The N:M ratio is significantly increased in patients with ALS and correlates with disease progression The N:M ratio is significantly increased.

Figure 2 Repopulation of CD19+ cells in low and high BSA patients and calculation of the BSA Repopulation of CD19+ cells in low and high BSA patients and.

Figure 2 Evolution of blood cell counts during interleukin (IL)–7 therapy Evolution of blood cell counts during interleukin (IL)–7 therapy The leukocyte.

Figure Avidity of IgG specific for influenza A and B following flu vaccinationAvidity of immunoglobulin (Ig) G specific for influenza A and B before and.

Figure 2 Natalizumab increases expression of proinflammatory genes and cytokines by CD49d+ memory CD4 cells Natalizumab increases expression of proinflammatory.

Figure 1 Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts during dose titrationB-lymphocyte (CD19+; A) and total lymphocyte (CD45+; B) counts (cells/µL) in peripheral.

Figure 3 Impact of short-term MP administration on frequency and phenotype of slanDCs and monocytes in the blood of patients with MSThe percentages of.

Figure 3 DMF promotes an anti-inflammatory cytokine B-cell profile

Figure 2 Assessment of fluctuation in fatigue scores using environmental data The relationship between fatigue (as measured by the Modified Fatigue Impact.

Figure 1. MBP-specific IFN-γ+ but not IL-17+ frequencies are significantly different between patients with MS and HCs MBP-specific IFN-γ+ but not IL-17+

Figure 2 Effect of DMF therapy on the T helper cell repertoire and cytokine production Effect of DMF therapy on the T helper cell repertoire and cytokine.

Figure 4 Vα7.2 TCR chain repertoire Analysis of the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vα7.2 repertoire of patient A by pyrosequencing shows oligoclonal T-cell expansions.

Figure 3 Alemtuzumab-induced changes in monocytes

Figure 4 Cell count of selective immune cell subpopulations during alemtuzumab Cell count of selective immune cell subpopulations during alemtuzumab Absolute.

Figure 2. Percentage of CD16− monocytes in the blood is reduced during disease progression Percentage of CD16− monocytes in the blood is reduced during.

Figure 4 Longitudinal analysis of peripheral immune cell composition Frequency of naive, central memory (Tcm), and effector memory (Tem) CD4 T cells over.

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Figure 2 CD4+ T-cell subsets fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab CD4+ T-cell subsets fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab (A) CD4+ lymphocyte percentage. (B) Interleukin (IL)–17, interferon (IFN)–γ, and IL-17/IFN-γ-producing cell percentage among the CD4+ fraction. (C) CD4+CD25highCD127lowforkhead box P3 (FoxP3+) T-regulatory cells lymphocyte percentage among the CD4+ fraction. (D) Percentage of CD4+FoxP3+ cells expressing CD45RO and CD45RA. Statistical significance (one-way analysis of variance) is calculated with respect to baseline (month 0) values, and indicated as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001. Stefania De Mercanti et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2016;3:e194 © 2016 American Academy of Neurology