Ecology Interactions between biotic and abiotic factors Ecology: the student of organisms and their relationship to the physical world

Essential Questions How do you determine if something is living or not? Are seeds alive? Ecology: the student of organisms and their relationship to the physical world

Are seeds alive? Answer on your page using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. In ten minutes, share with your partner. We will be conducting an investigation to determine if seeds are alive.

FOLLOW CLOSE DIRECTIONS Gather materials: Chia seeds, bowl of water, two cotton balls, sandwich bag, tape and Sharpie. Label your sandwich bag with your names. Wet the two cotton balls. Place a pinch of Chia seeds on the cotton balls. (Make sure the seeds stay on the cotton balls and do not fall off) Tape bag onto window. Create an observation chart. Check white board for chart.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p51FiPO2_kQ

Biotic and Abiotic Factors https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBypB0lSimI A(n) ___________ factor is a living (or once living) component of an ecosystem. A(n) ___________ factor is a non-living component of an ecosystem. abiotic

Review biotic An ecosystem is the interaction between __________ and __________ factors biotic abiotic

Tell if the object is living or nonliving. Let’s Practice Tell if the object is living or nonliving.

Interactions How do these abiotic factors affect the biotic parts of an ecosystem? For example, if a lake becomes polluted or dries up during a drought, this may harm the fish or insects that live in the lake

Interactions between biotic and abiotic factors What abiotic factors are important for a plant to grow? Plants interact with sunlight and air to make their own food, and they use water and nutrients in the soil to grow Tell students we are going to look at 4 main ones

1. Sun Provides warmth to living organisms Provides solar energy (light) for green plants to make their own food The number of hours of daylight triggers seasonal events, such as: -plants flowering -birds migrating Before I show them how sun can affect biotic things, ask the students what they think

2. Water Important for life processes of all living things (plants and animals) such as: -distributing food particles through their bodies -digesting food Important for organisms that live under water, such as: -trout -whales -algae

3. Air Provides oxygen (O2), which animals breathe Provides carbon dioxide (CO2) for plants to use to make their own food Air is made up primarily of: N2 -78%, O2 - 21%, CO2 -0.03% Photosynthesis: sunlight + water + carbon dioxide  food + oxygen

4. Soil Provides a home for many animals that live underground -earthworms Provides nutrients for plants Plants grow in soil The disappearance of the ant population from Earth would be a major disaster. Ants turn the soil, eat other insects, are scavengers of dead animals and pollinate plants.

How do you know if something is living?

Characteristics of Life!!!!!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30qOijVBS7o It has to have ALL Seven Characteristics of Life!!!!!!

Seven Characteristics of Life All living things are made of cells. All living things use energy. All living things respond to stimuli. All living things reproduce. All living things grow and develop. All living things adapt. All living things have DNA.

1) ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS A CELL IS THE SMALLEST LIVING UNIT THAT CAN CARRY OUT LIFE PROCESSES

Single celled (unicellular ) organisms makeup most organisms on Earth. They have everything they need to be self-sufficient.

In multi-cellular organisms, the cells specialize to perform specific functions (bone cells, skin cells, muscle cells, root cells, leaf cells). Smooth muscle Nerve cell Leaf cell Red Blood Cell Yeast cell

2) ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY The SUN is the main source of energy on Earth!!! The Sun makes light that is used by plants!!!!!! What is the name of this process by which plants convert the energy from the sun into food?

Plants (producers) trap the energy of the Sun and make glucose (sugar) in the process called photosynthesis. Consumers (animals) get their energy from the plants!!!!

3) ALL LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO A STIMULUS (plural-Stimuli) Living things respond to immediate and long-term changes in their environment (shiver when cold, change fur color, plants bend toward light).

Responding to Stimuli a. dogs pant when hot b. pupils dilate in lower light levels c. humans sweat when body gets too hot d. reflexes – touch hot stove, fight/flight

4) ALL LIVING THINGS REPRODUCE Reproduction must occur for a species to survive. Reproduction can be either sexual or asexual.

5) ALL LIVING THINGS GROW AND DEVELOP To grow means to get bigger and to get bigger; more cells must be added. To increase numbers of cells, cell division must occur. Develop means to change into an adult form (mature).

6) ALL LIVING THINGS CHANGE TO FIT THEIR ENVIRONMENT(ADAPT) Organisms must adapt to changes in their environment or risk becoming extinct. Adaptations occur over a very long period of time (millions of years).

Name some the adaptations of these organisms.

7) ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE DNA. DNA provides instructions for making molecules called proteins. Proteins build cells. DNA carries the genetic material from parent to offspring (heredity).

LET”S PRACTICE!!! Which characteristics of life is being described?

Kahoot https://create.kahoot.it/details/abiotic-and-biotic/4b60567c-370e-4119-9da8-7fa602ab8e72

Lab – Are seeds alive? Review your previous claim. Revise using your new knowledge.