Unit 6

VOCABULARY BODY DECORATION BEADS BEARD CHAIN DREADLOCKS HAIR DYE LIPSTICK MOUSTACHE NAIL VARNINSH PIERCING RING SIDEBURNS TATTOO

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS EACH OTHER WHY? When the subject and the object are the same What does she see? The baby sees HERSELF in the mirror VERB SUBJECT OBJECT

What is he doing? He is taking HIMSELF A PICTURE The word“ selfie” is taken from the suffix SELF

SUBJECT PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS I MYSELF YOU YOURSELF HE HIMSELF SHE HERSELF IT ITSELF WE OURSELVES YOU YOURSELVES THEY THEMSELVES PAY ATTENTION

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS EACH OTHER She is eating by HERSELF Marge is washing HERSELF

EACH OTHER It’s a reciprocal pronoun When two or more people do the same thing We sent EACH OTHER Christmas cards. = We sent them a Christmas card and they sent us a Christmas card. The dog looked at the cat and the cat looked at the dog. =The animals looked at EACH OTHER

They are shouting EACH OTHER They are feeding EACH OTHER

Let’s check it! Hugo must be crazy! He is talking to ______________ . You owe ____________ a break. Why don’t you two travel? Poli is cooking ____________ some Miojo. Bia is buying ____________ a new BMW. Claudio usually hits ____________ when he is angry. Bianca thinks she is really beautiful because she usually sees ____________ at the mirror for hours. himself yourselves herself herself himself herself

VOCABULARY : FEELINGS ANNOY / ANOYED / ANNOYING BORE / BORED / BORING EMBARRASS / EMBARRASSED / EMBARRASSING EXCITE / EXCITED / EXCITING FRIGHTEN / FRIGHTENED / FRIGHTNENING INTEREST / INTERESTED / INTERESTING RELAX / RELAXED / RELAXING SHOCK / SHOCKED / SHOCKING SURPRISE / SURPRISED / SURPRISING WORRY / WORRIED / WORRYING

DEFINING AND NON DEFINING

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Sentences used to explain who or what we are talking about. Without these clauses the sentence would be incomplete and non-sense. For example:: She is the girl. She is the girl who I met on Saturday RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO WHICH WHERE WHEN THAT WHOSE It is non sense By adding a RELATIVE PRONOUN we add a new clause to the sentence

RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO – WHOSE – WHICH – WHERE – WHEN – THAT WHO and THAT . They refer to PEOPLE. I can’t remember the singer WHO/THAT won last year Eurovision contest. *WHOM is quite formal and means “a quien” She is the girl WHOM I lent my mobile? WHICH and THAT . They refer to THINGS. That’s the car WHICH was parked next to the school WHERE . It refers to SPACES/ PLACES. There is no place WHERE I can go shopping here WHEN. It refers to TIME I’ll never forget the day WHEN I met my husband WHOSE. Express possession She is the girl WHOSE dog is always barking

I live in a city … 2004 is the year … They live in a house… This is the woman … This is a photo of a dog Where is the book There is a shop WHICH Is near Santander My brother was born WHEN WHICH Has a very big garden WHO I met last weekend WHICH is jumping very high WHICH I gave you on Christmas? WHERE My mum bought your present

In DEFININIG RELATIVE CLAUSES… You can use WHO/ THAT or WHICH/ THAT both of them means the same. we can omit THAT / WHICH / WHO if it is the object of the sentence, but not when it is the subject That’s the boy (who/that) I was talking about Do you know the name of the girl who lives next door?

NON -DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES They give extra information. If we remove the clause the sense still makes sense. For example: The book was a best seller. The book, which my mum as reading, was a best seller. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO WHICH WHERE WHEN THAT It makes sense You can’t use THAT The sentences are separated by commas

DEFINING vsNON –DEFINING WHO - WHICH - WHERE – WHEN –THAT They provide essential information to the sentence You can use THAT WHO / WHICH / THAT can be omitted NON DEFINING WHO - WHICH - WHERE – WHEN They give extra information about people, things or places They are separated by commas THAT can’t be used WHO / WHICH / THAT can’t be omitted

Practice 1. The man has won the talent contest. His daughter is in my class. The man whose daughter is in my class has won the talent contest. 2. The fish was bad. We ate the fish yesterday. The fish which/that/ (X) we ate yesterday was bad. 3. The bus is coming. It goes to North Point. The bus which/ that goes to North Point is coming. 4. My flat has a very good view. We bought the flat last month. My flat, which we bought last month, has a very good view.

Practice 1. Peter Wong is leaving school. He wants to be a pilot. Peter Wong, who wants to be a pilot, is leaving school. 2. Have you seen Susan? My mother always talks about her. Have you seen Susan, who my mother always talks about? 3. Jacky Chan is a famous actor. Many people know him. Jacky Chan, who/ whom many people know, is a famous actor. 4. The Rainbow Restaurant is in Central. The restaurant offers delicious Indian food. The Rainbow Restaurant, which offers delicious Indian food, is in Central. 5. John is a very good cyclist. He cycles every day. John, who cycles every day, is a very good cyclist. 6. Dr. X is an expert of adolescents. He teaches many problematic students. Dr. X, who teaches many problematic students, is an expert of adolescents 7. My mum bought the house. She lived there when she was a child. My mum bought the house where she lived when she was a child. 8. Turn left at the corner. Miss Wong is there. Turn left at the corner where Miss Wong is. 9. We want to move to a house. It has a garden. We want to move to a house which has a garden.

LET’S MAKE THESE SENTENCES - “Peter is the student”+ “He comes from Glasgow”: “Peter is the student WHO comes from Glasgow”. - “The books are on the table” + “They are mine”: “The books WHICH are on the table are mine”. - “I’ve just met Tom” + “Tom seems to be a nice guy”: “I’ve just met Tom, WHO seems to be a nice guy” “I’d love to visit London”+ “It is a beautiful city”: “I’d love to visit London, WHICH is a beatiful city” LET’S MAKE THESE SENTENCES

Exercise The watch is mine. You saw the watch in the drawer The girl is my cousin. Ben talked to the girl. The park is beautiful. The park is next to our school. The watch which (that) you saw in the drawer is mine. The girl whom (that) Ben talked to is my cousin. The park which (that) is next to our school is beautiful.

The dictionary is useful. I bought the dictionary yesterday. The problem is difficult to solve. We are facing the problem. The dictionary which (that) I bought yesterday is useful. The problem which (that) we are facing is difficult to solve.

Peter Wong is leaving school. He wants to be a pilot. Peter Wong, who wants to be a pilot, is leaving school. Peter Wong, who is leaving school, wants to be a pilot. Have you seen Susan? Her father lives next to my mother. Have you seen Susan whose father next to my mother? Jacky Chan is a famous actor. Many people know him. Jacky Chan, who many people know, is a famous actor. The Rainbow Restaurant is in Central. The restaurant offers delicious Indian food. The Rainbow Restaurant, which offers delicious Indian food, is in Central. John is a very good cyclist. He cycles every day. John, who cycles every day, is a very good cyclist. Dr. X is an expert of adolescents. He teaches many problematic students. Dr. X, who teaches many problematic students, is an expert of adolescents. My mum bought a house. She lives there. My mum bought a house where she lives. Turn left at the corner. Miss Wong is there. Turn left at the corner where Miss Wong is. We want to move to a house. It has a garden. We want to move to a house which has a garden.

FEELINGS I feel RELAXED when I’m in the beach It was RELAXING to know that I had passed all my exams She was SURPRISED for the presents she received It was SURPRISING to see Peter in the party HOW DO YOU FEEL? WHAT CAUSED THE FEELING? HOW DO YOU FEEL? WHAT CAUSED THE FEELING?

Verbs -ed adjectives - ing adjectives You can see an –ING form or an –ED form without being a gerund or a past tense, acting as an adjective Pete is always surprising me with presents -ed adjectives I was suprised by the results of the exam - ing adjectives The exam’s results were surprising

ING adjectives refer to what causes the feeling Exams are frightening ED adjectives refer to how you feel I felt frightened during the exam

what causes the feeling what causes the feeling How you feel How you feel You are bored if something is boring You are stressed if something is stressing My job is boring, interesting, tiring, depressing… I’m bored with my job I’m not interested in my job My job makes me depresssed what causes the feeling How you feel

VERB ED edjective ING adjective Frighten Bore Relax Surprise Embarrass Annoy Excite Worry Shock Interest Frightened Bored Relaxed Surprised Embarrassed Annoyed Excited Worried Shocked Interested Frightening Boring Relaxing Surprising Embarrassing Annoying Exciting Worrying Shocking Interest ing

Practice …

surprise

exhaust

bore

irritate

satisfy

frustrate

shock

embarrass

interest

excite

annoy

disappoint