America Becomes an Imperial Power 3.1
AHI Reminders… Monroe Doctrine (1823) – warning to European powers to stay out of western hemisphere Manifest Destiny (1830s ) Mexican American War (1846)
World Hist. Reminders… International imperialism… Africa was carved up by Europeans only Liberia and Ethiopia remained independent
Why did America join the imperialist club at the end of the 19c?
1. Commercial/Business Interests American Foreign Trade: 1870-1914 Raw goods New markets U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
2. Military/Strategic Interests Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
3. Social Darwinist Thinking The White Man’s Burden The Hierarchy of Race
4. Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionaries in China, 1905
5. Closing the American Frontier
6. Taking our place on a “world stage”
7. Jingoism
Methods of Imperialism 1. Purchase new land 2. Use military/ economic power to take over new land (a “coup”) 3. Fight a war!
Alaska
Sec. of State William Seward Purchase of Alaska, 1867 Sec. of State William Seward $7.2 million
“Seward’s Folly”; “Seward’s Icebox”
Hawaii: "Crossroads of the Pacific"
US Desire for Hawaii Naval Port Raw goods
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s U. S. Use of Hawaii Early interactions = missionaries & businessmen 1849 - Hawaii becomes US Protectorate (through economic treaties) 1887 – Bayonet Constitution (strip Hawaiian monarchy of power) Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
Hawaiian Queen Lili’uokalani “Hawaii for the Hawaiians!” U.S. POV “Hawaii for the Hawaiians!” Reign: 1891
U. S. Overthrow of Hawaii 1893 – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Lili’uokalani. Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894. Republic of Hawaii – 1894 - 1898 Sanford Ballard Dole
To The Victor Belongs the Spoils Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898 President William McKinley