Performance of chronic METH-treated rats in the gambling test under the double-reward condition. Performance of chronic METH-treated rats in the gambling.

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Performance of chronic METH-treated rats in the gambling test under the double-reward condition. Performance of chronic METH-treated rats in the gambling test under the double-reward condition. Rats were given METH at a dose of 4 mg/kg once a day for 30 d. The gambling test was initiated after 2 wk of METH withdrawal, as shown in Fig. 1. (A) Effect on H-H arm choice ratio in the gambling test. Values are means ± SE (n = 7–9). Repeated ANOVA revealed no significant effect on H-H arm choice ratio [treatment: F(1,14) = 0.01, P > 0.05; time: F(13,182) = 12.76, P < 0.05; interaction: F(13,182) = 1.10, P > 0.05]. (B) Number of entries into empty arms. Values are means ± SE (n = 7–9). Repeated ANOVA revealed significant effect on the number of entries into empty arms [treatment: F(1,14) = 4.95, P < 0.05; time: F(13,182) = 32.70, P < 0.05; interaction: F(13,182) = 2.25, P < 0.05]. †P < 0.05. *P < 0.05 vs. the saline-treated group on each day. (C–F) Win–stay/lose–shift behavior. Values are means ± SE (n = 7–9). There were no significant effects in any of these figures (P > 0.05 by u test). (G–J) Win–empty/lose–empty behavior. Values are means ± SE (n = 7–9). A significant effect was observed in I (P = 0.0495 by u test) but not G, H, or J (P > 0.05 by u test). Hiroyuki Mizoguchi et al. PNAS 2015;112:29:E3930-E3939 ©2015 by National Academy of Sciences