Acids and Bases

Acids They register as a 0-6 on the pH scale They’re usually gases or liquids Most are soluble and are use in aqueous solution Produce H+ ions when dissolved in water They are a proton donors *Soluble –ability to be dissolves in a solution *Aqueous- water

Bases They register as 8-14 on the pH scale They produce Hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in an aqueous solution. They are proton acceptors Bases are also called Alkaline because many Alkali metals react with water to form bases (Ex: Na )

Neutral 7 is neutral on the pH scale

Neutralization Reaction When an acid and a base react they neutralize Neutralization reaction results in forming water and salt Acid + Base Water + Salt HCL + KOH H20 + KCL (a salt)

Equivalence Point Equivalence Point is when all of an acid reacts with a base it’s called an equivalence point

Titration Titration is the process of determining the molarity of an acid or based by using a neutralization reaction

EX: pH paper, phenolphthalein, and cabbage juice Indicator An indicator is a substance that is one color in an acid and another in a base EX: pH paper, phenolphthalein, and cabbage juice

pH Scale The pH scale is only possible for aqueous solutions It measure the acidity or basicity on an aqueous solution 0-6 are acids 7 is neutral 8-14 are bases (alkaline) The pH scale is a logarithm, each number is multiplied by 10. For instance, an solution that has a pH of 1 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 2.

How does this relate to your life? Antacids Lactic acid Acid Rain

Antacids Your stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCL) HCL has a pH of 1 You have a mucous layer in your stomach that protects it from this acid

Sometimes you might eat something and feel a burn in your stomach or up into your esophagus- often referred to as heartburn This feeling is from the acid in your stomach coming up into your esophagus. You take an antacid to neutralize your stomach acid Some antacids have Mg(OH)2 (milk of Magnesium) and that neutralizes your HCL, by producing water and salts

Lactic Acid Lactic acid is made during anaerobic respiration This happens when you put a demand on your muscle that aerobic respiration cannot keep up with Lactic acid is a byproduct and causes muscle soreness and fatigue

Acid Rain Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) are emitted into the atmosphere and transported by wind and air currents.  The SO2 and NOX react with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids.   These then mix with water and other materials before falling to the ground.

Why is this bad? When acid rain falls it changes the pH of bodies of water A change in pH can kill an entire pond, lake, or stream The change in pH water can also causes aluminum to be leached into the soil, further damaging the ecosystem