GRADING RUBRIC: PEPPERED MOTH LAB

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth Why are these moths called "peppered moths?” Their light colored wings are “peppered” with dark spots 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth 2. What animals eat the peppered moth? Birds including the Flycatcher, Nuthatches, and European Robin 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth 3. What is a lichen? A small fungi that grows on the bark of the trees. It looks very similar in color to the wings of the Peppered Moths. 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth 4. What do the larvae of the moth eat? They feed on the leaves of trees including: Birch, Willow and Oak. 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth 5. How do peppered moths spend the winter? The Peppered Moth larvae change into a pupae (cocoons) for the winter. 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth 6. Moths that have more dark spots than the average moth are called what? Insularia 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution 7. Where was the first black form of the moth found? Manchester, England (1848) 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution 8. What was the Industrial Revolution? Factories were being built and they were powered by coal. The result was dark smoke that covered the surrounding countryside 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution 9. What was causing the different colors in the moths? The dark color was caused by a mutation in a single moth and the mutated gene was passed on to its offspring. 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution 10. What is natural selection? Nature (the environment) rewards traits that are beneficial to the survival of a species. Over time, the species changes 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution 11. Who suggested that peppered moths were an example of natural selection? J. W. Tutt (1896) 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution 12. What is industrial melanism? Species that darken over time due to pollution (coal smoke and soot) 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments 13. What is an entomologist? A scientist that studies insects 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments 14. How do scientists test theories? Scientists test theories by making predictions based on the theory. They then test the prediction to see if what they observe matches their expectations 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments 15. Write down ONE of Kettlewell's predictions. Heavily polluted forests will have mostly dark peppered moths. Clean forests will have mostly light peppered moths Dark moths resting on dark trees are more likely than light moths to be eaten by birds. The reverese should be true on light trees Dark moths released into polluted forests would live longer than light moths, but die sooner in clean forests 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments 16. Dark moths were found in what parts of the country? Found near industrial cities producing pollution 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments 17. How did Kettlewell directly study the moths? He placed light and dark moths onto a tree and observed them. He recorded times the birds found the moths 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments 18. Why did dark moths have a survival advantage? Better camouflaged 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments 19. When Kettlewell recaptured the marked moths, what did he find? He found dark moths survived at a higher rate in polluted forests, and light colored moths survived at a greater rate in clean forests 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments 20. Where did Kettlewell publish his findings? Scientific American magazine (1959) 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Birdseye View 21. Open the simulation and play the role of the bird in both the dark and the light forest. Try to behave as a bird would behave, choosing the moths that are the most obvious. At the end of each simulation, record the percent of moths captured in the table below. 20% 80% 65% 35% 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Final Analysis 22. Explain how the color of the moths increases or decreases their chances of survival. It allows them to blend into background (camouflage) 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Final Analysis 23. Explain the concept of "natural selection" using your moths as an example. Traits that are beneficial to the survival of a species are rewarded. They survive and pass on their genes to their offspring. Dark moths survived at a higher rate in polluted forests and their numbers increased over time. . 2 POINTS

Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Final Analysis 24. What would happen if there were no predators in the forest? Would the colors of the moths change over time? Defend your answer? Probably not. There would be no advantage to hide from predators so their color wouldn’t increase or decrease their chances of survival. Their color should not change that dramatically 2 POINTS

Write the number they got out of 48 at top of front page i.e. 45/48 Total Points = 48 Write the number they got out of 48 at top of front page i.e. 45/48