Governance and Service Delivery (Advanced Course on Management and Development)

Session outline Introduction to governance and service delivery module Governance landscape: context, actors, issues and challenges NASC, 2019

Signature Features of Module Skills to analyze governance context Deeper understanding of changes in polity, governance and Constitution of Nepal Providing a reform lab for service design and delivery NASC, 2019

Module Objective Develop ability of participants to analyze governance context, manage intergovernmental relationship and ensure efficacy in public service delivery. NASC, 2019

Course Roadmap Beginning from understanding of governance landscape and it’s implication for principal- agent relationship; Understanding the aspects of transformation in polity, state structure and exercise of state power; and Analyzing status of public service and bringing innovation in public service management. NASC, 2019

Course Plan Day I: Governance landscape State restructuring and federalism in Nepal Day II: State restructuring and federalism in Nepal (contd) Fiscal federalism in Nepal Day III: Fiscal federalism in Nepal (contd) Managing intergovernmental relationship NASC, 2019

Course Plan Day IV: Public service design Day V: Service delivery NASC, 2019

Governance Landscape NASC, 2019

Defining Governance State Citizens Political parities and environment Integrity Leadership Strategic orientation Governance System Bureaucratic systems and culture International context Culture and social values Citizens NASC, 2019

State of Governance in Nepal NASC, 2019

Defining Governance …as a system or process for the exercise of authority by state authorities and other entities, in reference to broadly shared values (foundations of governance) and through democratically-established institutional mechanisms (infrastructure of governance), that deliver on the state’s commitments for public goods and services (service delivery) that together define and consolidate the relationship between the state and citizens.

Voice and participation Integrity and accountability Survey Structure Foundations of governance Voice and participation Integrity and accountability Justice and social inclusion Rule of law

Survey Structure Elections Infrastructure of governance Elections The constitution and constitutional provisions Provincial and local government Political institutions Social association and civic awareness Information and communication Security and protection

Survey Structure Public Service Experience of public service Support for receiving services Attempts made to receive services Source of information about services Service fee and additional expenses Public service environment

Sample Characteristics Sampling: Multi-stage random sampling (4 stages) Population: voter roll of 2017 election (from EC) Sample size: 12920 Province: Seven

Sample Characteristics Districts: 43 Local governments: 163 (88 urban, 75 rural) Polling booth: 646 Each booth: 20 respondents At least 50 percent districts from each ecological belt Age distribution considered

State of Governance in Nepal Governance Factors Political Economic Social State of Governance in Nepal See page 85 from Public Management and Governance Legal Environmental Technological NASC, 2019 See page 85 from Public Management and Governance (Tony Bovaird and Elke Loffler)

Group Work 60 mins (20 mins reading, 15 mins group work, 5 mins sharing each, 5 min debrief) NASC, 2019

Governance… Turke (2008) Structure- systems, processes, institutions… Actor- policy makers, public service providers and government… Synthesis- combination of both NASC, 2019

Evolution of Governance   ‘Pre-modern’ Hierarchy/bureaucracy Market, managerial 3rd generation, ‘post-modern’ Control Through family and connections Rules, supervision Prices, contracts, management controls Co-ordination/network/Facilitation Accountability Internal to family Upwards To owners, through contracts to purchasers For results Performance Acceptability Compliance with rules Specified in contracts Compliance with planned targets Employment Patrimonial Mostly generalists, permanent employment Subject to commercial success Performance-based In networks Financial flows To maintain connections Budgets, voted allocation In exchange for delivery Performance-informed budgets NASC, 2019

Interactions- base for governance Political Economic Social Does this interaction have different impact on governance? State of Governance in Nepal Do these factors interact? At what levels do they interact? Legal Environmental Technological NASC, 2019

Government and Governance Power holding vs facilitating Power - by nature undemocratic, upholding and restrictive Democratic institutions and systems induce democratic exercise of power NASC, 2019

Governance beyond Government Changing role of government Multiple actors Hierarchical to network State is not sole entity to deliver services It is more about managing relationship among actors. NASC, 2019

Actors of Democratic Governance Change in governance philosophy- governance beyond government State Global Actors Civil Society Market NASC, 2019

Actors of Democratic Governance Change in governance philosophy- governance beyond government Creating favourable political, legal and economic environment State Global Actors Civil Society Market Mobilizing people’s participation, promoting constructive engagement Creating opportunities for people NASC, 2019

Serious gap between demand and supply Emergence of intermediary Governance… However, inherent characteristics of governance actors does not embrace democratic values Serious gap between demand and supply Emergence of intermediary Explain how citizenry expectation as demand is being multiplied. Over promising of state is one reason. NASC, 2019

Actors… State People NASC, 2019

Actors….. State Intermediary People NASC, 2019

Governance Institutions/Actors in Nepal Political institutions Market and other non-government actors Global institutions Executive and Bureaucracy, other public entities Governance as interaction NASC, 2019

Changing governance platform Where do these institutions operate? Is there collusion/ conflict of interests? Political institutions Market and other non-government actors Global institutions Executive and Bureaucracy, other public entities Governance as interaction How do these institutions interact? Do they provide space for public constestation? NASC, 2019

Interactions among actors Interferences (self-governance) Interplays (co-governance) Interventions (hierarchical- governance) NASC, 2019

‘Building democratic institutions’ – G. Shabbir Cheema NASC, 2019

Issues and Challenges Delivering promises- making federalism deliver Institutionalization of change Performance orientation Accountability- justice, finance and performance Credibility of public institutions NASC, 2019

Changes in Government Roles Classical Public Administration New Governance Program/Agency Tools Hierarchy Network Public vs private Public & private Command and control Negotiation and persuasion Management skills Enablement skills Source: Salamon, L. M. (2000). The New Governance and the Tools of Public Action: An Introduction. Fordham Urban Law Journal. 25(5): 1611-1674. NASC, 2019

Positioning role of Public Service Function What functions does government do? How does government function? Strengthened state-people relationship Impact What impact does change in government functions have on me and my organization? Competency What level of knowledge, skills and behaviors do I have to perform? NASC, 2019

Self Assessment Exercise (Time: 20 min.) NASC, 2019

New Constitution-New Context In order to fulfill the aspirations for perpetual peace, good governance, development and prosperity through the medium of federal democratic republican system of governance, hereby promulgate this Constitution through the Constituent Assembly. NASC, 2019

Competency Required Building integrity Managing relationship Managing resources Leading with purpose NASC, 2019

Thank you NASC, 2019