Evidence of Evolution Main Idea: Multiple lines of evidence support the theory of evolution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIEoO5KdPvg

Five Main Types of Evidence Fossil Record Comparative Anatomy Comparative Embryology Comparative Biochemistry Biogeography

Fossil Record Fossils are evolutionary evidence Fossils show that ancient species share similarities with species that now live on Earth. Fossils records provide evidence that living things have changed over time. Glyptodont Armadillo

Traits Derived traits newly evolved features, such as feathers, that do not appear in the fossils of common ancestors. Ancestral traits primitive features, such as teeth and tails, that do appear in ancestral forms.

Comparative Anatomy Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial structures

Homologous structures Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor These structures are similar in arrangement but different in function.

Analogous Structures Structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function. Shows that functionally similar features can evolve independently of each other Ex: wing of an insect and wing of bird

Analogous Structures

Vestigial Structures A body structure that has no function in a present-day organism but was probably useful to an ancestor. This shows a change over time

Comparative Embryology Embryo: the earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals Vertebrate embryos exhibit homologous structures during certain phases of development but become totally different structures in the adult forms.

Comparing Embryos Similar embryo development may suggest a common ancestor

Comparative Biochemistry Common ancestry can be seen in the complex metabolic molecules that many different organisms share. Comparison of the DNA or RNA of different species produce biochemical evidence for evolution

Biochemical Evidence Comparisons of the similarities in amino acids and other molecules across species reflect evolutionary patterns seen in comparative anatomy and in the fossil record.

Geographical Distribution Similar animals are found in different locations around the world. Animals ended up evolving similar features for their environment because of their location on earth They look the same but live in different areas

Types of Adaptations Camouflage Mimicry Antimicrobial resistance

Camouflage Some organisms have evolved morphological adaptations to blend in with their environments Invisible to predators = better chance of survival and reproduction

Mimicry Adaptation in which one species evolves to resemble another species Usually a harmless species resembles a harmful one Resembling harmful species = better chance of survival and reproduction

Antimicrobial Resistance Species of bacteria originally killed by antibiotics like penicillin have developed resistance MRSA Scary Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plVk4NVIUh8