-How animals get energy Chapter 4.4& 4.5 Cellular Respiration -How animals get energy

The process of “burning” Glucose molecules. This is how our body breaks down the food we eat to give our cells and us energy. Energy in the form of ATP, NADH and Heat. All of this happens in the Mitochondria of our cells.

We break down C6H12O6 (glucose) which is in the food we eat to make ATP and NADH. To break it down we need to use some energy. To get more energy output we need 3 steps. Which steps we take depends on if Oxygen is present. With Oxygen present it leads to 2 other pathways. No Oxygen present a different pathway will be second.

With Oxygen First we are going to talk about how our bodies break down food when we are getting the correct amount of Oxygen.

This process of Animals breaking down food is called…. Cellular Respiration- Process that releases energy by breaking down Glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. 6O2 + C6H12O6 --- 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Oxygen Glucose Carbon Dioxide Water

What is the similarity between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration? Product Glucose oxygen Cellular Respiration Reactants 6O2 + C6H12O6 --- 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Oxygen Glucose Carbon Dioxide Water

6O2+C6H12O6+2ATP 6CO2+6H2O+4ATP+2NADPH This equation does not happen all at once. 3 Steps….. Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Each step produces an amount of ATP. The total amount of ATP made = 3,811 calories of energy.

Step 1 With Oxygen Glycolysis- where one molecule of Glucose is broken in half, making 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. Glyco-sugar Lysis-Breaking

C6H12O6 broken in ½ = C3H6O3 + C3H6O3 on its own only releases a small amount of energy. 2 ATP and NADH

Step 2 With Oxygen Krebs Cycle Break down the 2 Pyruvic Acids made in step one into… Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and loose High Energy Hydrogen atoms (H+). Also makes 1 ATP and 4 NADH CO2 is breathed out of our bodies as waste. H+ is used in next step.

Step 3 With Oxygen Electron Transport Chain Takes the High Energy Hydrogen atoms (H+) made in the Krebs Cycle and uses them as a tool to turn lots of ADP into ATP.

Total ATP made 3,811 calories of energy. With Oxygen present and takeing steps.. Glycolysis Krebs Cycle And Electron Transport Chain A total of 36 ATP is made for every 1 Glucose we eat. 3,811 calories of energy.

Without Oxygen Anaerobic- If there is no Oxygen present then this will happen. If there is NO Oxygen then our bodies take different steps to give us energy. Used in emergencies only! Can only be done for a short amount of time or the process can kill us! This also happens right after we die, the reason dead bodies get bloated.

Step 1 -same as with Oxygen Glycolysis- where one molecule of Glucose is broken in half, making 2 molecules of pyruvic acid

Step 2 and 3 Without Oxygen Fermentation- release of energy by forming ATP without Oxygen.

Fermentation 2 Kinds of Fermentation Alcoholic- alcohol is a product. Lactic Acid- Lactic acid is a product.