Investigating the past Mr Daly Investigating the past Friday, 5 July 2019 Learning Objectives Investigate aspects of how to investigate the past Learning Outcomes Identify and describe important elements of being a historian Activities

EGYPT SUMER MINOAN INDUS CHINA MAYA HITTITE GREECE ROMAN PERSIAN

3250 3000 2750 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250

WHAT? WHO? WHEN? WHERE? WHY? HOW? RELIABLE? USEFUL?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZq91ER770g

Investigating the past Mr Daly Friday, 5 July 2019 History is learning about the past to help us understand the present. When we learn about the past, we start to understand the relationships between individuals and groups in the past – for example, how they lived, how they governed themselves, what they believed in and why conflicts arose

Mr Daly History Glossary Friday, 5 July 2019 Anachronism: a practice, event, object or person that is placed outside the original time period Archaeologist: a person who finds out about the past by digging up objects left by previous civilisations Artefacts: objects made or altered by people (for example weapons, tools and ornaments) Chronological order: the sequence in which events happened from the earliest to the most recent events Evidence: information that proves or disproves something

Mr Daly History Glossary Friday, 5 July 2019 Hypothesis: a theory that tries to answer questions about the past and which can be tested against the evidence given by a historians sources Sources: written and non – written items that help us to understand past events and people and information about what others thought about these items Primary source: a source that was created during the period the historian is investigating Secondary source: a source that was created after the period he historian is investigating

Historians as Detectives Mr Daly Friday, 5 July 2019 Historians usually begin their investigations by asking questions to guide their work. They try to identify what is already known about a particular event, person or period of time and what still remains to be known. To guide their research, historians ask: What happened? When did it happen? Where did it happen? How did it happen? Why did it happen? Who did it? Next, a historian will try to formulate ideas that might answer these questions. This is called a hypothesis During an investigation the hypothesis is tested to see if it is still correct. The hypothesis may change many times, depending on what the historian finds out.

The “Cause and effect” relationship Historical Events The “Cause and effect” relationship Historians often study the cause and effect of an event to gain a better understanding Cause Effect What happened? Who was involved? What was the result? Has it influenced the future?

Investigating the past Mr Daly Investigating the past Friday, 5 July 2019 Learning Objective: To investigate how we learn about and explore the past Learning Outcome: To understand the roles of Archaeologists and Historians Success Criteria: To be able to describe the difference between an archaeologist and a Historian Activities Glossary Task Research Task Textbook (RetroActive 1, Page 4) Questions (RetroActive 1, Page 7)

Term Definition Example Anachronism A thing that does not belong or is not appropriate to a period in which it exists   Anthropology Archaeology Archaeologist Artefact Chronological Order Conservation Evidence Heritage

ICT Task: What was the cause and effect of your person on history? Identify a significant person from the past Examine the motives for that persons actions in the past Explain the consequences of that persons actions The Causes How did they get to where they are? What did they do? Who was involved? The Effects What was the outcome or result? What is their importance or significance? Has it influenced the future? Provide evidence (sources) in your response… Historian “X” states that the consequences created by the person are… __________ was a significant person from the past because… Historian X states that __________ became influential by… __________ achieved… As a result, the causes of ________ (event) and __________ (event) have been attributed to…

Napoleon Bonaparte was a significant person from the past because of two main reasons. Firstly, he became the Emperor of France and secondly, he conquered most of Europe. Historian Ken Webb states that Napoleon became influential through his leadership and control of the French army. As a general, Napoleon used the French army to his advantage. He was able to achieve control of the French government and country through the use of fear and force. As a result, the causes of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe have been attributed to his desire for power of all of Europe. The effect of Napoleon Bonaparte was evident in two ways. Firstly, Europe was plunged into war and secondly, the French had at one point invaded almost every country in Europe. Historian Peter Smith states that due to Europe being at War for many years inventions were made, such as improvements in Surgery and Medicine. Furthermore, because the French were throughout Europe, their language, customs and culture spread too. As a result, many cities and countries around Europe and the Mediterranean speak French, like French foods and enjoy French customs.