A New Trajectory for America: Assessing the End of the Civil War

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Presentation transcript:

A New Trajectory for America: Assessing the End of the Civil War “Let Us Have Peace,” by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1865)

The American Civil War Most destructive war that the US has ever fought 1861: Long-simmering debate over expansion of slavery into the territories resulted in secession by 11 southern states after election of Lincoln April 1861: War began Sept. 1862: Emancipation Proclamation: freed slaves in states in rebellion July 1863: Gettysburg and Vicksburg April 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox

Emancipation Proclamation (Sept. 1862) Lincoln’s executive order: freed slaves in the Confederacy (i.e. lands that the US didn’t actually control) Four million enslaved people of color in the CSA and USA in 1862; Proclamation directly freed about 50,000 Still, the Proclamation was used as legal justification for Union armies who liberated slaves as they took over areas of the south

Results of the American Civil War Union victory End of the Confederacy Huge destruction, especially in South New kind of warfare Economic success of the South – broken Growth in power of Presidency Ended slavery in the US

Death and destruction

Ending of Slavery Freedmen in Union Army camp. Photo: Hirst D. Milhollen and Donald H. Mugridge (loc.gov)

Alice Williamson’s Diary Gallatin, Tennessee, 1864

How to read a primary source What does the source say and what is the genre? Who wrote the source? Where does the source come from? When was the source created, and when was it written down? (they can be different!) Why was the source created and why was it written down? How can the source be used to say something meaningful about the past?

Next Class Reconstructions: Promises Made and Broken Readings: Shi and Tindall, Ch. 16, pp. 582-614 Mississippi Black Code Amendments 13, 14, 15 of the US Constitution