Colonization Begins

England v. Spain England Allied with Spain until 1500s Do Not Compete for Colonies Year of Change: 1588 Elizabeth I Takes Power Protestant Queen Sea Dogs Plundered Spanish Ships Sir Francis Drake Spanish Armada Defeated England Becomes Strongest Naval Power in World

The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I, painted by an unknown artist in 1648. The queen places her hand on the globe, symbolizing the rising seapower of England. Through the open windows, we see the battle against the Spanish Armada in 1588 and the destruction of the Spanish ships in a providential storm, interpreted by the queen as an act of divine intervention

English Motivations Population Increase Lack of Land Depression in Wool Industry Primogeniture Laws Joint Stock Companies                                                                                                                                      

Jamestown

English Settlements Virginia Company (Joint Stock Company) - Founded Jamestown, 1607 - Swampy Land Along James River John Smith - Leader of Colony

English Settlements Hard times - Lack of Knowledge and Motivation Powhatan - Tribe Helps Colonist - “Pocahontas” Legend “Starving Time” (1609) - Smith: “He who shall not work shall not eat.”

Pocahontas Legend The story begins when Smith and two English companions are ambushed by Indians. After killing his two companions, the Indians take Smith to their chief, Powhatan. After two months in captivity, Powhatan determines to have the Englishman clubbed to death in a ritual ceremony. According to Smith, the plan is thwarted only when the chief's daughter, Pocahontas (then aged 11 or 12), throws herself between him and his attackers causing her father to relent. Smith published his account of the incident in 1624. It is the only description of the event we have and some historians doubt its authenticity. However, the account permanently etched his name in American folklore.

Jamestown -1st Democratic Government Virginia House of Burgesses -Tobacco as a Cash Crop John Rolfe - Pros and Cons Pocahontas - Lord De La Warr (1610) - Hostile Towards Indians - Marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe Brings Peace

Jamestown -Headright System 50 Acres To Each New Colonist -Indentured Servants - Usually Seven Years of Labor in Exchange for Passage to America -First Slaves Imported

Clash With Indians -Desire For Land -European Feelings Of Superiority - No Intermarriage - Fought Wars With Powhatan Indians -Virginia Becomes Royal Colony for Protection (1624) The Indian Massacre of 1622 led to the deaths of nearly 400 settlers, wiping out several entire communities. Jamestown was spared from destruction due to the warnings of a Native American boy named “Chanco", who gave warning to colonist Richard Pace. Pace, after securing himself and his neighbors on the south side of the James River, took a canoe across river to warn Jamestown, which narrowly escaped destruction. A year later, leaders of Jamestown worked out a truce with the Powhatan Native Americans and proposed a toast, using liquor laced with poison. 200 Native Americans were killed by the poison, and 50 more were slaughtered by the colonists. In 1624 the Virginia Company lost its charter, and Virginia became a royal colony.

U.S. History Warm-Up Grab a Pre-Test from the back and get ready to rock and roll.

Bacon’s Rebellion -Indian Dispute On The Frontier - Former Indentured Servants Gain Freedom - Want Land: Backcountry - Indians Attacked Settlers -Colonists Ask For Protection From Virginia Government, But Were Denied

Bacon’s Rebellion - Nathaniel Bacon Led The Frontier Colonists In A Rebellion Against The Virginia Government - 1,000 Men - Burn Jamestown and Attack Indians - Kick Out Governor William Berkeley -Showed Signs of Discontent With Leadership

Religious Refugees Henry VIII Begins the Anglican Church Reformers Want to Rid the Church of All Roman Catholic Traditions Puritans Wanted to Purify the Church of England Individual and Congregational Control of Religion

U.S. History Warm-Up Tuesday 9/ Draw a Venn diagram, give 2 differences and 1 similarity between the Jamestown and New England Colonies

Pilgrims

Pilgrims Pilgrims - Separatists - Wanted to Practice their Own Religion Plymouth Massachusetts, 1620 - “Squatters” - Supposed to be in Virginia Mayflower Compact Set Up Direct Democracy for the Colony

Pilgrims Colony Struggled but Received Indian Help to Grow Crops Thanksgiving Squanto William Bradford Governor of Plymouth 15 Two –Year Terms Pilgrim leader “Of Plymouth Plantation” First Recorded Mention of Thanksgiving

Puritans

Massachusetts Bay -Puritans - Predestination Beliefs -John Winthrop - First Governor -City on a Hill (Be an Example to the World) - Holy Society -Connection Between Church and State -Strict Adherence to Puritan Rules

Puritan Dissent Roger Williams Separation of Church and State Peace with Indians Exiled from the Colony Fled and Founded Providence Rhode Island

Puritan Dissent -Anne Hutchinson Belief in Individual Worship Banished in Famous Trial Fled to Rhode Island

Puritan Dissent IN MEMORY OF ANNE MARBURY HUTCHINSON BAPTIZED AT ALFORD LINCOLNSHIRE ENGLAND 20 - JULY 1595 (sic) KILLED BY THE INDIANS AT EAST CHESTER NEW YORK 1643 COURAGEOUS EXPONENT OF CIVIL LIBERTY AND RELIGIOUS TOLERATION

Indian Resistance Some Cooperation, but Short Lived -Reasons: Disease, Land, and Religion Caused Disputes -Pequot War, 1637 Massacre of Indians -King Philip’s War Lots of Deaths on Both Sides but Colonists Win and Indian Resistance Fades Turns Public Opinion Against Indians

King Philip’s War