PIA 2501 Development Policy and Management Week Eight

Next Week’s Discussion Danielle’s Briefing

PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management Week Eight: NGOs, Community Dynamics and Civil Society

Community Dynamics

Civil Society--Review Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests "Beyond the family but short of the state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel )

The Focus of the Week ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs

Tie Ins to NGOs and Civil Society 1. The Failed State 2. Decentralized Governance 3. Reconceptualization of Governance 4. Human Rights

“Socio-economic Status and Seniority in the New Jersey Brigade” 1775

Tie ins to NGOs 5. Development Promotion 6. Micro-Credit 7. Nature of the Beast

NGOs-Tie In 1: The Failed State The Power of the Picture VIDEO

Prologue- World Bank Mission Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea Conakry (Stakeholder Analysis- March, 2006) A Collapsed State Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-Credit Design Capacity for Service Delivery Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil Society

Governance Issues IMPACT NGO Work THE TIE IN-1- Failure of the State System Governance Issues IMPACT NGO Work

The Hard State

Political Cartoon Remembering the 1960s

TIE IN-2 NGOs and Civil Society Tie into Decentralized Governance

Civil Society as a Dependent Variable

Decentralization and Civil Society: A Grassroots Perspective Governance / Democracy NGOs Women’s Focused Groups Target Group Communication and Support Civic Education Rural Credit Rural Industries Land Grassroots Organizations

State Societal Linkages: Redux Central State - Macro Weak Strong SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE Mezzo-Intermediate State-Weak Strong Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State Civil Society - Micro Weak Strong Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Tie In-3

Tamil Protests and Sri Lanka’s Political Future

Civil Society Structures-1 NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs.) PVOs (Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they represent? Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality) Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights

World Ethnic Divisions

Civil Society Structures-2 Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with Private Sector Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable) Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as collectivist) Establishing the rule of law Roman vs. Common Law What is the role of the individual

The Roman Empire

Tie In- 4- Human Rights Issues Review Civil Society and Human Rights "Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous) Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society

Sometimes a Great Notion

War, Drought, Agricultural Failure Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster War, Drought, Agricultural Failure Focus on Rural Development Human Rights Focus on Governance

Tie In 5: Rural Development Promotion

Goods for Good- A Malawi Based Organization (BUT?)

Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people a fishing rod than a fish.

Types of “Development” NGOs Grassroots associations (local or village based) Advocacy groups Public Service Contractors

Types of “Development” NGOs Philanthropy vs. Charity Relief and Welfare Societies Public Service Contractors Populist based development agencies (national)

Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia

Tie In-6: The Popularity of Micro-credit Ann Dunham- Micro-credit specialist VIDEO Grameen Bank Nobel Prize for Peace (2006) Micro-credit: The New Orthodoxy The Concept and the Controversy Links to Traditional Savings Banks

Micro-Credit will be Popular

Ten Minute Break

NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE BEAST

Tie in 7- NGOs--The Nature of the Beast Non-Profits vs. For Profits Not for Profits- More value directed Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs) Community Based Organizations (CBOs) Foundations

NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2 Civic Associations (Civics) Interest Groups Quangos Trade Unions Religious Organizations

Northern Pakistan

International NGOs- Care Catholic Relief Services Save the Children Amnesty International Oxfam

Five Caveats: NGOs Usually excludes “for profits” Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits Includes both International and Local Internationals are not universally loved

Not Universally Loved

Five Caveats, Cont. Very often internationals are religious or charity based Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

Indigenous NGOs

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage Cost-effective Small but efficient Innovative Staff loyalty and commitment

One View

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Perceived Advantage Ideologically compatible with Development values Links with poor Image of populism

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses Lack of local legitimacy Donor driven Inefficiency

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses Amateurism Leadership and continuity problems Staffing problems Self-serving-own objectives Faith Based

Annual Meeting of World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO)

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses Fixation on projects Problems of replication Lack of perceived accountability Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

NGOs and Projects

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses Tensions with government institutions Politically threatening Ties with existing local elites Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

Discussion and Debates Lawrence Graham Lawrence Graham- Brazil- Local Government Monte Palmer- Egypt- Bureaucracy Samuel P. Huntington- Culture Clash The Picard Findings- Attitudes Botswana

Forthcoming Books- Next Week V.S. Naipaul, Among the Believers Jim Mayfield, Go to the People China vs. Indonesia Believers, Unbelievers Secular vs. Religious Views of the World

From the University of Utah to Iraq Jim Mayfield

Interview Deborah Scroggins VIDEO

Not Oprah’s Book of the Week Janine Wedel and Deborah Scroggins

Books of the Week Janine Wedel, Collision and Collusion Deborah Scroggins, Emma’s War

Follow Up Discussion and Debate