CLONING Sun Hwa Dong.

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Presentation transcript:

CLONING Sun Hwa Dong

Cloning Cloning: producing identical copies of genes, cells, organisms Clone: product “desirable combination of characteristics” Pathogenesis, Reproductive, Molecular, Cloning in stem cell research

Cloning using a differentiated animal cell 1. Take cultured udder cells from donor sheep. 2. Take unfertilized egg cells from another sheep. 3. Remove the nucleus from each cell using micropipette.

4. The egg cells fused with donor cells by a pulse of electricity. 5. They develop like zygotes (initial cell) and become embryos. 6. Implant the embryos in the womb of a surrogate mother. 7. DOLLY !! REPRODUCTIVE CLONING

Cloning using undifferentiated cells Making copies of cells with undifferentiated cells Stem cell research = Therapeutic Cloning

Therapeutic Cloning in Humans Embryonic stem cells: Divide, differentiate into any cell types Tissue/ Organ replacement

For Against Save lives, reduce suffering by therapies Embryo = potential human being Cells removed from embryos that stopped developing and would die More embryo produced than needed so some may have to be killed Cells removed when embryos can’t feel pain without nerve cells Embryonic stem cells → tumor cells

Human Genome Project Human genome → 25000-30000 genes To find the location of all genes on chromosomes and base sequence of all DNA that makes up them Allows to: 1. Study how genes influence human development 2. Identify genetic diseases 3. Produce new drugs 4. Have new insights into origins, evolution, migrations of humans

Vocabulary Clone Cloning Zygote: initial cell formed when a new organism is produced by means of sexual reproduction Reproductive cloning Therapeutic cloning Human genome project

Bibliography Study Guide p 32 Course Companion p 165 Pearson HL p 108-110 http://www.success4dummies.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gene-expression-regulates-cell-differentiation-931 http://www.biology-online.org/articles/tissue_engineering_stem_cells/figures.html http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/03/images/green_es_cells.jpg