Civil War SS5H1 I can explain the causes , major events, and consequences of the Civil War.

Introduction A civil war is a war between people who live in the same country. The American civil war was fought between the Northern and the Southern states. It lasted from 1861-1865. The war was triggered by the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860.

Free States and Slave States

Slavery American colonists began bringing African slaves in 1619. Africans were captured, sold, and owned like property. Many died from disease and abuse as they sailed on slave ships across Atlantic. Worked long hours Often beaten if they did not obey or worked to slow Slave families were often separated Some escaped to freedom Most slaves born in the 17th, 18, and 19th centuries lived all of their lives as a slave.

Plantations Large farms on which landowners raised their cash crops were called, plantations. Plantation owners relied on slaves to work in the fields, cook, clean, and run the farm.

Missouri Compromise 1820- Missouri applied to be a state Southerners wanted it to be slave state Northerners wanted it to be a free state The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a SLAVE state while Maine entered as a FREE state. It also stated that all future states north of Missouri’s border would be FREE and south of the border would be SLAVE.

Compromise of 1850 California became a state in 1850 Allowed California to enter the Union as a FREE state Let people of Utah and New Mexico decide on the issue of slavery through popular sovereignty (people would be allowed to vote on whether or not to allow slavery) In order to get Southerners to agree, it included the Fugitive Slave Law (that northerners must return runaway slaves to their southern masters. Many northerners did not like the law or obey it.

What started it? The North and the South disagreed about Slavery The Southern states believed they had the right to own slaves. The Northern states believed that slaves should be free. Southern states wanted to secede (leave) the United States. The Northern states said that no state could leave the Union. The South believed they had to right to secede.

Abolitionist Movement Abolitionists wanted to end slavery. Both whites and blacks took part Harriet Beecher Stowe published a book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. It showed the cruelty of slavery.

Abraham Lincoln One of the most remembered and influential people in the Civil War. President of the United States Opposed slavery Believed in staying as one nation, not as individual states.

Ulysses S. Grant General of the Northern army that defeated the South. Opposed to slavery. Became President later in life.

Frederick Douglass Former slave who escaped, came North, and opposed slavery. Great writer who made many speeches against slavery and the war.

Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate states. Wanted the South and Union to be separated. Wrote Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government in 1881.

Robert E. Lee Leader of the Confederate Army in Northern Virginia Offered command of Union troops, but chose not to fight against Virginia. Opposed secession Urged Southerners to accept defeat and reunite.

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson One of the most skilled Confederate generals, from Virginia. Earned the nick name “Stonewall” because he refused to let his troops back down. General Barnard said he was “like a stone wall.”

William T. Sherman Commander of the Union army Known for the: Atlanta Campaign- Sherman’s artillery devastated Atlanta March to the Sea In 24 days he was determined to bring the South to their knees

Famous Battles Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861) Beginning of the Civil War Confederate victory Battle at Bull Run (July 21, 1861) Shiloh (April 6, 1862) Antietam (September 16, 1862) Gettysburg (July 1, 1863) Union victory Vicksburg (July 4, 1863)

Major Events of the War The Emancipation Proclamation, in 1863, made “freeing the slaves” the focus of the war. In the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863, Lincoln said the Civil War was to preserve a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865, ending the Civil War.

Constitutional Changes Amendment 13 - Abolishment of Slavery. Amendment 14 - Equal protection of laws for all races. Amendment 15 - Voting rights for all men.