The Age of Exploration 1500-1800 Section I Section II Section III

Exploration: Motives and Means Spice Trade Religious zeal Fame and Fortune Political Ambition Section one

Portuguese Trading Empire Colonial and Trade Interests Portugal maintained a colonial or trade interests in West Africa, India, and South America. Vasco da Gamma Discovered a route to India by sea which allowed him to trade for spice and Make a profit of several thousand percent. Section one

Portuguese Trading Empire Spice Extremely profitable trade item from Southeast Asia that not only flavored foods, but also helped keep food fresh. Gold Coast The southern coast of West Africa was a new found source of gold. Thus It became known to the Europeans as the Gold Coast. Section one

Ashanti Gold Coast State Gold Coast Section one

Voyages to the Americas Treaty of Tordesillas Established a line of demarcation between Spanish and Portuguese territories to protect their claimed lands. It also gave Portugal control over its route around Africa, and it gave Spain rights to almost all of the Americas. Section one

Spain Portugal Section one

Voyages to the Americas Christopher Columbus-Spain Went to his grave believing he had reached Asia, when in fact he had found the major islands of the Caribbean and Honduras in Central America. Section one

Voyages to the Americas John Cabot-England A Venetian seaman who explored the New England coastline of the Americas for England. England had colonies or trade relations in both New England and parts of India Section one

New England Coast John Cabot-England Dutch Settlers The Dutch were the first European settlers in the Hudson River Valley Section one

Spanish Empire Queen Isabella Mercantilism Balance of Trade Declared that all original inhabitants of the Americas were her subjects and granted the Spanish “encomienda” or the right to use Native Americans as laborers. Conquistadors were Spanish conquerors used by the queen to take over the Americas. Mercantilism A set of principles that dominated economic thought during the 17th century. This included the belief that the prosperity of a nation depended on the amount of gold and silver the country held. Balance of Trade The difference in value between imports and exports over time. Section one

Spanish Empire Hernan Cortez The Spanish conqueror of Mexico, that Aztec rulers fought Against his forces. Section one

Section one

“They longed and lusted for gold “They longed and lusted for gold. Their bodies swelled with greed, and their hunger was ravenous; they hungered like pigs for that gold.-Aztec describing Spanish conquerors Based on this quote, what might the Aztec have inferred about the Spaniards and their civilization? What do you think they meant by “they hungered like pigs for that gold”?

13-1 Vocabulary Colony Mercantilism Conquistadors Balance of trade “Encomienda” Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 Line of demarcation Vasco de Gamma John Cabot Using your text define the following terms and names:

Africa in an Age of Transition Slave Trade Political and Social Structures Section two

African Slave Trade Originally taken to Southwest Asia as domestic servants Eventually brought to the coast of Brazil to grow Sugarcane Sugarcane grown on large agricultural estates known as “plantations” Section two

Growth-Sources The “triangular trade” connected Europe, Africa and Asia, and the Americas Section two

Triangular Slave Route Section two

Growth-Sources European clothes and guns to Africa traded for slaves with African slave merchants, which then were taken to the Americas and sold. The journey from Africa to the Americas was known as the “Middle Passage” the point where most slaves died. Section two

Effects Decline of the traditional African Political System of tribal clans including the depopulation of some areas. Deterioration of art and culture and an increase in warfare. The society of Ibo of eastern Nigeria produced more slaves than anyone. Indirect effects such as Moroccan forces attacking the weakened empire of Songhai or entire brilliant societies ruined like Benin. The spread of Islam to North and West Africa. Section two

King Afonso I 1456-1545 King Afonso of Congo wrote a letter to the King of Portugal in 1526 stating: “so great is the corruption that our country is being completely depopulated.”

13-2 Vocabulary Sugarcane Middle Passage Triangular Trade Ashanti Plantations King Afonso Ibo Using your text define the following terms and names:

Southeast Asia and the Spice Trade 1500’s Southeast Asia was a fairly stable region with Buddhism as its predominant religion on the mainland states like Thailand, Burma, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Muslim traders came to the Malay Peninsula and Indonesian Archipelago by the lure of spice trade. Islam became their dominant religion. This was where the most European influence would eventually take place do to weak central monarchies. Section three

Arrival of the Europeans to Southeast Asia 1511 the Portuguese seized Melaka, (Port City on Malay) and occupied the Moluccas. Known to the Europeans as the “Spice Islands”. Dutch traders arrived with more funds and better organization and forced the Portuguese out of the spice trade in the early 1600’s. Limiting them to working trading posts. The Dutch also forced out the English traders limiting them to a single port off the coast of Sumatra. The Dutch seized Java to help protect their possessions in the east. Dutch tried to limit the growth of Clove to one island and stop all others from growing it. Section three

Southeast Asia Map Section three

Political Systems in Southeast Asia Mainland used the Buddhist style of government where the king was superior and served as a link to the universe. Islamic Sultans ruled the Malay Peninsula and the small coastal states of the Indonesian Archipelago. He was viewed as a mortal with special qualities. He staffed his bureaucracy(a body of non-elected government officials) with aristocrats (A member of a ruling class or of the nobility). Section three

13-3 Vocabulary Melaka Mainland States The Moluccas Bureaucracy Buddhism Java Sumatra Using your text define and or locate on a map the following terms :