Athens and Sparta Wars

Wednesday’s Agenda 1. One Minute Stretch 2. Agenda Book: Study Guide due April 29th . Test on May 1st! 3. Statements 4. Review for Quiz (10 minutes) 5. Quiz 6. Extra Time- Start War Notes

Thursday’s Agenda 1. One Minute Stretch 2. Agenda Book: Study Guide due April 29th . Test on May 1st! 3. Statements 4. War Notes 5. CNN 10 6. Think Pair Share 7. Extra Time- Work on Study Guide

Friday’s Agenda 1. One Minute Stretch 2. Agenda Book: Study Guide due April 29th . Test on May 1st! 4. CNN 10 5. Think Pair Share 6. Review Vocab Quiz 7. Make Up Work and Study Guide Time

Think Pair Share Sentence Starters: Partner 1: “Today I learned __________________.” Partner 2: State one APPROPRIATE comment your partner said. Example: If your partner shared a fact about whales, share a comment or opinion on whales. Partner 2: “Today I learned __________________.” Partner 1: State one APPROPRIATE comment your partner said.

Statements Today I am: Taking the quiz and starting War notes. So that I can: Show what I know and state the impact war had on ancient Greek civilizations. I’ll know if I got if: I try my best on the quiz and provide a statement how war had an impact on ancient Greek civilizations.

Background Persia conquered much of Southwest Asia. A king and a highly organized government ruled the Persian Empire. The population of many city-states grew very large so many Greeks traveled across the Aegean Sea and set up Greek colonies in Asia. This expanded trade from Greece to other areas of the world, as well as spread Greek influence and culture to other lands.

The Persian Wars In 500 B.C., Persia conquered Anatolia. Anatolia had many Greek colonies. In 499 B.C., some Greeks in Anatolia revolted against the Persian rule. Athens had a strong navy and sent ships to help them. The revolt failed, but Persia decided to punish Athens for interfering.

Marathon In 490 B.C. the Persians arrived near Athens on the plain of Marathon. Athenians sent someone to ask Sparta for help but the Spartans arrived too late. Athens was greatly outnumbered so they created a plan.

Marathon Plan The Athenians drew the Persians toward the center of the Greek line. Then the Greeks surrounded the Persians and attacked. In close fighting spears were more effective than bow and arrows. The Persians lost 6,400 men and the Greeks lost only 192.

Modern Marathons A solider is said to have run from Marathon to Athens (25 miles) to tell of the Greek victory over Persia. When he reached Athens, he collapsed and died. Modern marathons are based on his 25 mile run. (now - 26.2 miles)

Persia Invades Again In 480 B.C. Persia invaded Greece again. Several Greek city-state united against Persia. 300 Spartan soldiers guarded the narrow pass at Thermopylae to stop the Persian army from reaching Athens. They held it for 2 days before the Persian army killed them all. Their sacrifice gave the Athenians time to prepare for battle. click here for a video about the Spartan's battle at Thermopylae Another video on the tactics at Thermopylae

Battle on Water The Athenians left their city to fight a naval battle against the Persians. The battle took place on a narrow body of water where the large Persian ships could barely move. The smaller and more mobile Greek ships sunk around 300 Persian ships. The war then ended and Greece won again.

Peloponnesian Wars A T H E N S S P A R T VS.

The Outbreak of War Athens – democratic form of government Sparta – militaristic government - Oligarchy Both wanted to be the most powerful city-state in the region.

Some city-states feared Athens because of its grab for power and prestige. Pericles – Athenian leader who believed people should play a strong role in government (democracy). He also helped build Athens from a city-state to a naval Empire. Pericles

Causes of War Other city-states disliked how Athens spent money, to beautify their city, from the Delian League, intended for mutual protection of all Greek city-states. Because of this several city-states tried to break free of Athenian power. Sparta headed a league of city-states to stand up to the power of the Delian League. It was called the Peloponnesus League because it was located on the Peloponnesus. Finally in 431 B.C. Sparta declared war on Athens.

The War Sparta – better land-based military force and it’s location could not be attacked by sea. Athens – had a better navy and could strike Sparta’s allies by sea.

Strategies of War Sparta’s Strategy - Cut off the Athenian food supply by destroying crops. The Spartans did that by taking control of the countryside around Athens Athens's Strategy – to avoid battles on land and rely on sea power. Pericles allowed Spartans to take countryside and brought the Athenians inside city walls to be protected and supplied with food from the sea.

Disaster Strikes Athens Athens became overcrowded. In the 2nd year of war a plague broke out, spread quickly, and killed many Athenians. They lost as many as 1/3 of it’s people and armed forces. Pericles died from the plague. In 421 B.C., Athens signed a truce, or an agreement to stop fighting. Athens finally surrendered to Sparta in 404 B.C.

Consequences of the War The war lasted over 27 years. Cities and crops were destroyed. Thousands of Greeks died. All Greek city-states suffered losses of economic (money) and military power. EFFECT - In 359 B.C., King Phillip II of Macedon came to power and took over the weakened Greek city-states.