Authors: Zerina Bosovic Phenomenon of Trafficking in Human Beings in Montenegro Authors: Zerina Bosovic Student conference on Security and Safety in local communities, Podgorica, Montenegro, 9. 4. 2019 III. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica, 9 April 2019

The United Nations defines human trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion) for an improper purpose including forced labor or sexual exploitation.

GLOBAL STATISTICS Over the last 13 years there have been identified about 225 000 human trafficking victims. 50% were women 21% were men 29% were children. at the level of the EU in the period 2015-2016 around 20 532 victims of human trafficking were registered 23% were children. FORM OF EXPLOITATION AT THE LEVEL OF THE EU Sexual exploitation 65% 15% of labor exploitation, while in almost 20% of cases there were other forms of exploitation (trafficking for forced marriages, forced begging, forced crime, etc)

CURRENT SITUATION IN MONTENEGRO The state of Montenegro has been recognized in recent years as a country of origin, transit and destination for men, women and children who were victims of human trafficking. Number of identified victims and potential victims of trafficking in human beings in the period from 2012. to 2018.

CRIMINAL CODE MNE Article 444 - Trafficking in Human Beings Article 445 - Trafficking of Children for Adoption Article 446 - Enslavement of persons and transportation of persons in an enslaved status A special group of criminal offenses that can be related to the criminal offense of Trafficking in Human Beings also constitute criminal acts against sexual freedom: Rape, Art. 204 CC MNE, Sexual intercourse with a child, Art. 206 CC MNE, Sexual intercourse by abuse of position, Art.207 CC MNE, Pimping and enabling having a sexual intercourse, Art. 209 CC MNE, Mediation in prostitution, Art. 210 CC MNE, Child pornography, Art. 211 CC MNE

OTHER GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS/LAWS Criminal Procedure Code Law on Witness Protection Law on Compensation of Victims of Crimes of Violence Memorandum on Cooperation between State Institutions and the Non- Governmental Sector The Protocol on Mutual Co-operation between the Office for Fight against Trafficking in Human Beings and the Employers' Union Number of institutions are involved in the fight against trafficking in human beings

EU AND OTHER RATIFIED FORMS: The Council of Europe Convention on the Suppression and Prevention of Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention) The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Violence against Women (CEDAW) Directive 2011/36 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on prevention and combating of trafficking in human beings and the protection of victims of trafficking in human beings United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime The Protocol for Preventing, Suppressing and Punishing Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children The Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air The Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography

Number of filed criminal charges DATA FROM 2012 TO 2018 Number of conducted investigations Number of filed criminal charges 2012. 2 2013. 3 2014. 4 2015. 1 2016. 2017. 2018 TOTAL 15 6 Number of investigations and number of filed criminal charges conducted in relation to Article 444 CC MNE

DATA FROM 2012 TO 2018 The number of identified potential victims of trafficking classified into juveniles and adults in the period from

DATA FROM 2012 TO 2018 The number of identified victims according to the form of exploitation

PREVENTION STRATEGY FOR COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS 2019-2024 MAIN FOCUS OF THE STRATEGY Strategic area 1. Prevention of trafficking in human beings Strategic area 2. Protection of victims of human trafficking Strategic area 3. Criminal justice/ prosecution response Strategic area 4. Partnership, coordination and international cooperation

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