Chapter 16 THE WEST AND THE CHANGING WORLD BALANCE – The East The shifting balance of power among civilizations in Asia, Africa and Europe changed the.

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Chapter 16 THE WEST AND THE CHANGING WORLD BALANCE – The East The shifting balance of power among civilizations in Asia, Africa and Europe changed the nature of international contact

Decline of old order Byzantium & Abbasids crumble 1258 Mongols take the Abbasid capital of Baghdad 1453 Ottoman Turks take Constantinople, capital of Byzantium Social & cultural decline - decline gradual Middle East – Islamic religious leaders gain “upper hand” scholarship focuses on religion Rise of Sufi movement

With no government control, landlords seize power over peasantry - become serfs - agricultural productivity falls - trade declines merchants lose ground to European traders decline of Mongols opens up opportunities for China & Western Europe to step into leadership positions International Leadership - Ottoman’s rise but don’t restore Islamic importance - focused on conquest & administration - little attention to commerce

Admiral of Chinese fleet China Ming Dynasty ( 1368-1644) push borders influence neighboring countries state sponsored trading expeditions - technological innovations in sailing - expeditions halted in 1433 - cost - opposition from Confucian bureaucrats Zhenghe Admiral of Chinese fleet

lost chance to become dominant world trading power Chinese felt only an experiment - return to typical isolationist policies - little need for foreign products merchants remain active in SE Asia

What if the Chinese did not halt their explorations?

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