C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to MANIFEST DESTINY AND WAR (1840–1860) Section 1: Manifest Destiny and Expansion Section 2: The Mexican War Section 3: More Settlers Head West Section 4: The Gold Rush Chapter 17

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES How did Americans belief in manifest destiny affect western expansion? How did Americans belief in manifest destiny affect western expansion? How did the United Sates acquire Oregon and Texas? How did the United Sates acquire Oregon and Texas? What events led to the Mexican War? What events led to the Mexican War? Section 1: Manifest Destiny and Expansion

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Manifest Destiny and Expansion Social Factors: The desire to spread religious beliefs and ease overcrowding combined with a belief in American superiority Section 1: Manifest Destiny and Expansion

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Acquiring Oregon and Texas Oregon Britain and the United States signed a treaty in 1846 dividing Oregon at the 49 th parallel. Britain and the United States signed a treaty in 1846 dividing Oregon at the 49 th parallel.Texas Texas congress approved annexation and Texas became the 28 th state in December Texas congress approved annexation and Texas became the 28 th state in December Section 1: Manifest Destiny and Expansion

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Causes of the Mexican War Annexation of Texas in 1845 Annexation of Texas in 1845 American settlers anger over being forced to leave California American settlers anger over being forced to leave California Border disputes Border disputes Mexican attack on U.S. soldiers Mexican attack on U.S. soldiers Congress declares war May 11, 1846 Congress declares war May 11, 1846 Section 1: Manifest Destiny and Expansion

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES How did Americans react to the declaration of war against Mexico? How did Americans react to the declaration of war against Mexico? What were the major events and battles of the war? What were the major events and battles of the war? What were the terms of the treaty that ended the Mexican War? What were the terms of the treaty that ended the Mexican War? Section 2: The Mexican War

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Reaction to War Volunteers joined war effort. Volunteers joined war effort. War led to greater national pride and support on the homefront. War led to greater national pride and support on the homefront. Whigs, abolitionists, and transcendentalists opposed the war. Whigs, abolitionists, and transcendentalists opposed the war. abolitionist – a person that is opposed to slavery Section 2: The Mexican War

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Major Events and Battles Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma – May 8-9, 1846 Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma – May 8-9, 1846 Santa Fe – 1846 Santa Fe – 1846 Bear Flag Revolt – June 1846 Bear Flag Revolt – June 1846 Battles at Monterrey, San Diego, Los Angeles and San Francisco – 1846 Battles at Monterrey, San Diego, Los Angeles and San Francisco – 1846 Section 2: The Mexican War

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – February 1848 Ceded much of Mexicos northern territory to the United States in what became known as the Mexican Cession. This land included the present day states of California, Nevada, and Utah. It also included most of Arizona, New Mexico and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Ceded much of Mexicos northern territory to the United States in what became known as the Mexican Cession. This land included the present day states of California, Nevada, and Utah. It also included most of Arizona, New Mexico and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Section 2: The Mexican War

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – February 1848 U.S. also got the area claimed by Texas north of the Rio Grande. U.S. also got the area claimed by Texas north of the Rio Grande. U.S. agreed to pay Mexico $15 million and assume claims of more than $3 million held by American citizens against Mexico. U.S. agreed to pay Mexico $15 million and assume claims of more than $3 million held by American citizens against Mexico. Addressed the status of Mexicans in the Mexican Cession. Addressed the status of Mexicans in the Mexican Cession. Section 2: The Mexican War (continued)

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES What conflicts did new U.S. settlement cause in the Southwest? What conflicts did new U.S. settlement cause in the Southwest? How did various cultures interact in the Southwest? How did various cultures interact in the Southwest? Why did the Mormons move to the West, and what were their achievements? Why did the Mormons move to the West, and what were their achievements? Section 3: More Settlers Head West

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Conflicts of U.S. Settlements in the Southwest legal, economic, and social discrimination legal, economic, and social discrimination arguments over control of the land, resources, and livestock arguments over control of the land, resources, and livestock Indian raids Indian raids Section 3: More Settlers Head West

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Cultural Interaction in the Southwest Spanish and English were spoken. Spanish and English were spoken. Mexican and American holidays were celebrated. Mexican and American holidays were celebrated. Mexican and American Indian knowledge and traditions shaped the local economies of many American communities. Mexican and American Indian knowledge and traditions shaped the local economies of many American communities. Mexican Americans introduced new types of saddles, clothing, and other equipment to American ranchers. Mexican Americans introduced new types of saddles, clothing, and other equipment to American ranchers. Section 3: More Settlers Head West

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Cultural Interaction in the Southwest The use of adobe as a building material was originally developed by the Anasazi and adopted later from the Pueblo by the Spanish. The use of adobe as a building material was originally developed by the Anasazi and adopted later from the Pueblo by the Spanish. New settlers adopted Mexican and American Indian foods. New settlers adopted Mexican and American Indian foods. Trade and the growing market economy pulled the people living in the Southwest together. Trade and the growing market economy pulled the people living in the Southwest together. (continued) Section 3: More Settlers Head West

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Mormons Moved West for religious freedom for religious freedom to form new communities (Salt Lake City, Utah) to form new communities (Salt Lake City, Utah) Section 3: More Settlers Head West

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES Why did many people head west to California in 1849? Why did many people head west to California in 1849? What was life like in gold rush mining camps and towns? What was life like in gold rush mining camps and towns? How did the gold rush change California? How did the gold rush change California? Section 4: The Gold Rush

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to People rushed to California in l849 looking for gold looking for gold hoping to strike it rich hoping to strike it rich Section 4: The Gold Rush Some of these people became known as forty-niners.

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Life in Mining Camps and Towns lack of law and order lack of law and order diverse populations diverse populations high prices/inflation high prices/inflation lack of available goods and services lack of available goods and services Section 4: The Gold Rush

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to The Gold Rush Changed California population growth population growth increased immigration increased immigration improved economy improved economy society became stable society became stable became eligible for statehood became eligible for statehood Section 4: The Gold Rush