DEX-1 functions as a secreted protein in a tightly localized manner.

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DEX-1 functions as a secreted protein in a tightly localized manner. DEX-1 functions as a secreted protein in a tightly localized manner. (A) Lateral view DIC overlay (top) and fluorescence (bottom) images of a dex-1(ns42) dauer expressing dex-1p::dex-1(ecto)::sfgfp, which lacks the C-terminal transmembrane domain. dex-1p::dex-1(ecto)::sfgfp localizes to the outer edges of the lateral ridge and completely rescues the dex-1(ns42) alae phenotype. Arrowheads point to areas with distinct lateral alae. (B) Cell-specific rescue of body diameter in dex-1(ns42) suggests DEX-1 functions cell-autonomously. Error bars indicate SEM. **** indicates statistical significance at P < 0.0001 (n = 15). (C) dex-1 expression from the cut-5 seam cell-specific promoter rescues the dex-1(ns42) alae formation phenotype in a mosaic pattern. Arrowhead points to areas with rescued alae, arrow points to areas with partially rescued alae. dex-1 expression from a (D) pha-4 pharyngeal and (E) cut-6 hypodermal promoter fail to rescue alae formation in dex-1(ns42) dauers. Arrows point to the indistinct lateral alae. (F) DIC overlay (top) and fluorescence (bottom) image of a dex-1(ns42) dauer expressing a dex-1p::dex-1 construct with sur-5::gfp. sur-5::gfp expression in seam cell nuclei was correlated with rescue of the lateral alae (arrowheads), while the absence of sur-5::gfp correlated with indistinct lateral alae and a larger body diameter (arrows). Occasionally, sur-5::gfp was expressed in seam cell nuclei that did not show lateral alae rescue (*). Bar, 10 μm. Kristen M. Flatt et al. Genetics 2018;211:169-183 Copyright © 2019 Flatt et al.