Headache pain pathways targeted by neurostimulation. Headache pain pathways targeted by neurostimulation. A simplified diagram of the various peripheral and central pain pathways targeted by current neurostimulation devices. LC, locus coeruleus; NRM, nucleus raphe magnus; PAG, periaqueductal grey; SPG, sphenopalatine ganglion; SSN, superior salivary nucleus; TNC, trigeminal nucleus caudalis; V1, first division of the trigeminal nerve. Sarah Miller et al. Pract Neurol 2016;16:362-375 ©2016 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd