Exothermic vs. Endothermic Reactions

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Presentation transcript:

Exothermic vs. Endothermic Reactions Heat Transfer Exothermic vs. Endothermic Reactions

Types of Reactions Endothermic Reactions: Reactions that require an input of heat. These processes absorb energy (usually heat) from the surrounding environment. Endo = Enter, Therm = Temperature/Heat Exothermic Reactions:

Types of Reactions Endothermic Reactions: Reactions that require an input of heat. These processes absorb energy (usually heat) from the surrounding environment. Endo = Enter, Therm = Temperature/Heat Exothermic Reactions: Reactions that release energy via heat or light. Exo = Exit, Therm = Temperature/Heat

Methods of Heat Transfer

Methods of Heat Transfer Convection: Heat transfer through the movement of fluids based on their densities. More dense liquids sink, less dense liquids rise.

Methods of Heat Transfer Conduction: Heat transfer through direct contact to a heat source.

What makes a substance a good… Conductor? Insulator? Electric currents can flow freely. Contains atoms with loosely bound electrons. Ex: Metals Electric currents have difficulty flowing. Contains atoms with tightly held electrons. Ex: Nonmetals

Good Conductors: Metals

Methods of Heat Transfer Radiation: Heat transfer through the emission electromagnetic waves from a heat source that travel through transparent spaces (air).

What makes a substance a good radiator? Good radiators are good absorbers. Poor radiators are poor absorbers.

What is the difference between an absorber and a reflector? Good Absorber Good Reflector Able to absorb different colors and types of electromagnetic waves. Ex: Black objects absorb all wavelengths of visible light. Dull surfaces Unable to absorb many different colors or types of electromagnetic waves. Ex: White objects reflect all wavelengths of visible light. Shiny surfaces

Absorbers vs. Reflectors

Specific Heat Specific Heat: A measure of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 oC. Units: Joules (J) – amount of work required to lift 100 grams,1 meter from the ground.

The greater the specific heat… The more thermal energy required to raise its temperature. Specific Heat of Water = 4.184 J/g oC So, it takes 4.184 J of thermal energy to raise 1 g of water 1 oC. The more thermal energy it has compared to other materials with the same mass and temperature.

Comprehension Check #1: Specific Heat of Iron: 0.449 J/g oC Specific Heat of Water: 4.184 J/g oC If I take 1 gram of each substance, which will raise 1oC faster? Why?

Comprehension Check: Desert Daytime Temperature: 93 oF Desert Nighttime Temperature: 62 oF Commack Daytime Temperature: 51 oF Commack Nighttime Temperature: 46 oF Why does the temperature vary so little on Long Island throughout the day compared to the desert? Temp. Difference: 31 oF Temp. Difference: 5 oF