Chapter 32 : Lesson 2 Human Geography of Australia & New Zealand

Essential Question How did migration and geography influence the history and governments of Australia and New Zealand?

What comes to your mind when we talk about Aussie culture?

Basic Facts on Australia Capital: Canberra Population: 22.6 million Is a commonwealth of Britain it is a government still connected to Britain whose participants are all equal Officially recognizes Queen Elizabeth as its monarch & Head of State—as a CEREMONIAL leader Australia operates under a parliamentary democracy and has a Prime Minister (Tony Abbott) Also a governor-general who reports directly to the queen on behalf of Australia (Quentin Bryce)

Australia Only continent that is also a country

Great Barrier Reef One of the world’s natural wonders, located on Australia’s Northeastern coast Made of coral, which is the limestone skeletons of sea animals World’s largest coral reef

Creatures of the Great Barrier Reef Great White Shark Man of War Jellyfish

Australian Outback Very dry and ARID Area where few people live Ayer’s Rock – Popular tourist site in the outback

Climate

Native People The Aborigines: the indigenous people of Australia Migrated from Asia at least 40,000 years ago Nomadic people, never established permanent settlements Hunted with boomerangs

Australia Settled & colonized by the British Was set up as a colony for convicts (Penal Colony)

Environment Europeans introduced to Australia: Camels Rabbits Sheep Sugarcane Native Animals to Australia: Kangaroos Koalas Wallabies

Governor General Peter Cosgrove Prime Minister Martin Turnbull The Governor General (R) has more power, technically, than the Prime Minister (L) since she is a representative of the “official” Head of State, her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. However, the PM plays a much larger role in law-making

The History Aborigines have lived in the region for over 40,000 years European contact began when Australia was founded by Captain James Cook in 1770; he claimed land for Britain Gold rush in the late-1800s massive (European) immigration into the region Increased population and increased exploration allowed for “Crown Colonies” to be established in the 1800s 1901: six colonies became a federation Commonwealth of Australia was established!

The Flag of Australia Union Jack flag (British) Chosen in 1901; legally made the official flag in 1954 Only flag to fly over an entire continent

Australia Today: Aborigine Culture Ceremony Rock Art

Australian Culture: Non-Aborigine Culture is heavily influenced by British colonization: Most practice some form of Christianity Official language: Australian English Pastimes also influenced by the British Still, they have things of their own! 

Strine: Australian English that has a unique vocabulary made up of Aboriginal words, terms used by early settlers and slang created by modern Australians

Uggs are made in Australia Australia has the highest rates of skin cancer in the world—partially because of a hole in the ozone layer, and partially because of the numerous outdoor activities Aussies participate in. Vegemite to Australians is what PB & J sandwiches are to Americans Rugby, brought by the British, is a very popular (and violent) sport in Australia

Famous Aussies

Celebrated Holidays Australia Day: January 26 ANZAC Day: April 26 Celebrates the first arrival of convicts on Botany Bay, near Sydney (really, the first British settlement, 1788) ANZAC Day: April 26 ANZAC= Australian & New Zealand Army Corps Honors the Australian & New Zealand soldiers who died in WWI & WWII Easter Sunday (depends) Queen’s Birthday (2nd Monday in June) Christmas: December 25 Usually celebrated on the beach (what season is it in Australia?)

Basic Facts: New Zealand Capital: Wellington Population: 4.4 million Is a commonwealth of Britain it is a government still connected to Britain whose participants are all equal Officially recognizes Queen Elizabeth as its monarch & Head of State—as a CEREMONIAL leader NZ ALSO operates under a parliamentary democracy and has a Prime Minister (John Key) Also a governor-general who reports directly to the queen on behalf of New Zealand (Jerry Mateparae)

History Settled by Polynesians in 700s (“Maori”); created own culture James Cook actually reached New Zealand BEFORE Australia and was the first explorer to circumnavigate the area (1769) Was adopted into the British Empire in 1880 Eventually, Europeans took over  Maori impoverished

Prime Minister John Key Similar to Australia, New Zealand’s Governor-General (R) holds more power than the PM. Jerry Mateparae is the first Maori person to hold this office! Queen Elizabeth is still the Head of State, but usually only in a ceremonial capacity

New Zealand North Island & South Island Very diverse landmass: plains, lakes, mountains, plateaus, volcanoes  site of the filming of the Lord of the Rings films

Settled & colonized by the British Large producer of wool & other sheep related products

Climate With the exception of its mountain areas, New Zealand has only one climate region, Marine West Coast Rain falls throughout the year Temperatures are mild

Native People The Maori: indigenous people of New Zealand Came from Polynesia to settle New Zealand

Review Question: Chapter 32 : Lesson 2 Read pages 781-787 and answer Review Questions on page 787. Hand in Google Class Room.