Phonology (≠ Phonetics)

Task 1 Match the terms 1 – 3 with the definitions A – C. Stress Phoneme Intonation The music of our voices Giving emphasis to one syllable An individual sound

Task 1 Match the terms 1 – 3 with the definitions A – C. Stress Phoneme Intonation The music of our voices Giving emphasis to one syllable An individual sound

Task 2 Match the terms 1 – 3 with the definitions A – C. An individual sound is mispronounced A request is made with very flat intonation The wrong syllable is stressed in a word The word is incomprehensible The listener might understand “bin” when the speaker wanted to say “pin” The speaker can sound arrogant and demanding

Task 2 Match the terms 1 – 3 with the definitions A – C. An individual sound is mispronounced A request is made with very flat intonation The wrong syllable is stressed in a word The word is incomprehensible The listener might understand “bin” when the speaker wanted to say “pin” The speaker can sound arrogant and demanding

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INTERNATIONAL PHONEMIC ALPHABET

SYMBOLS …from Latin: e.g. /m//v//ɑ/ …from Greek: e.g. /θ//ð//ʊ/ …created:/ŋ/ …and the diacritic symbols:/ː//ˈ//ˌ/

MINIMAL PAIRS 3 θriː tin kæt triː θɪn hæt

Let’s compare! 7 vowels 23 consonants = 30 12 vowels 8 diphtongs = 44

Examples of English sounds which don’t exist in Italian Let’s compare! Italian sounds which don’t exist in English Examples of English sounds which don’t exist in Italian Consonants /λ/ aglio /ɲ/ gnomo /dz/ zelo /ts/ zio Vowels /ə/ about /ɜ:/ bird /æ/ cat /ɪ:/ see Diphthongs /aʊ/ now /əʊ/ go /eə/ there /ð/ then /θ/ thin /ɳ/ long /ʒ / measure

Words, words, words…. WORD STESS melancholic ˌmeləŋˈkɒlɪk Secondary stress Primary stress

Classic Italian-speakers errors adjective, colleague, canal, report…… IN COMPOUNDS e-mail, home-page, web-site, chat-line

Intonation carries meaning! CONNECTED SPEECH Intonation carries meaning! How are you? I had coffee cake and honey How are you? I had coffee, cake and honey

CONNECTED SPEECH Stress shifts to the left when followed by a prominent word: afternoon afternoon tea Japanese Japanese Girl weekend weekend traffic