HISTORY OF RADAR, WEATHER RADAR AND RADARS IN TURKEY Dr. Ahmet Öztopal İstanbul Technical University Meteorological Engineering oztopal@itu.edu.tr

(RADIO DETECTION AND RANGING) BIRTH OF RADAR (RADIO DETECTION AND RANGING)

NATURAL “RADAR”

WEATHER RADAR

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A RADAR

WEATHER RADARS ACCORDING TO FREQUENCY BANDS L BAND RADARS 15 – 30 cm and 1 – 2 GHz Clear air turbulance (CAT) S BAND RADARS 8 – 15 cm and 2 – 4 GHz Near and far weather observation C BAND RADARS 4 – 8 cm and 4 – 8 GHz Short range weather observation X BAND RADARS 2.5 – 4 cm and 8 – 12 GHz; Short range weather observation and cloud development K BAND RADARS 0.75 – 1.2 cm or 1.7 – 2.5 cm and 27 – 40 GHz or 12 – 18 GHz It is similar to the X band, but is just more sensitive OPERATIONAL WEATHER RADAR

NON-POLARIMETRIC – C BAND POLARIMETRIC – C BAND İzmir, 2011 Muğla, 2010 Antalya, 2011 Hatay, 2011 Balıkesir, 2003 Ankara, 2000 İstanbul, 2003 Zonguldak, 2003 Samsun, 2013 NON-POLARIMETRIC – C BAND POLARIMETRIC – C BAND NEXT RADARS: SAMSUN AND TRABZON, 2013

HORIZONTAL POLARIZATION VERTICAL POLARIZATION

RADOME ANTENNA MOUNTING OF ANTENNA AND RADOME

ANKARA RADAR ALTITUDE = 1807 M

ZONGULDAK RADAR ALTITUDE = 1110 M

İSTANBUL RADAR ALTITUDE = 378 M

BALIKESİR RADAR ALTITUDE = 642 M

İZMİR RADAR ALTITUDE = 973 M

MUĞLA RADAR ALTITUDE = 995 M

ANTALYA RADAR ALTITUDE = 962 M

HATAY RADAR ALTITUDE = 312 M

REFERENCES FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THIS SUBJECT E. Büyükbas, O. Sireci, A. Hazer, I. Temir, A. Macit, C. Gecer, INSTRUMENTS AND OBSERVING METHODS REPORT No. 88, cgecer@mgm.gov.tr, WMO, 2006. F. Beştepe, METEOROLOGICAL RADAR, Presentation, fbestepe@mgm.gov.tr, Turkish State Meteorological Service, 2011. http://www.radartutorial.eu/04.history/hi04.en.html https://atom.physics.helsinki.fi/kurssit/s/radarmet/2_History.pdf I would like to thank Cüneyt Geçer and Fırat Beştepe from TSMS for their contribution.